Fig. 5

Sequence comparison of amino acid differences in the envelope protein of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Sequence comparisons were performed among the live attenuated vaccine SA14-14-2, SA14, and newly detected Shanghai JEV strains (marked in red), as well as strains suspected to have contributed to prior Japanese encephalitis outbreaks (2013 in Shandong Province, China; 2010 in Korea; and 2006 in Wuhan Province, China) near Shanghai. Dots indicate consensus. The GenBank accession numbers and countries/provinces are noted. Triangles represent eight amino acids (F107L, K138E, V176I, A177T, H264Q, M279K, V315A, and R439K) related to virus attenuation; circles represent two pairs of co-evolving sites (residues S89N to F360Y and M129T to I141V) observed in GI; squares represent four sites (E123, E209, E327, and E408) in the E protein used for haplotype definitions; stars represent the amino acids (I130V, A222S, S327T, R366S/P, N393S, and V433I) of newly detected Shanghai JEV strains that were not consistent with those in the SA14 strain