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Table 2 Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth (STH), viral, bacterial, and protozoal infections, Saravane Province, Laos, 2017

From: Associations between soil-transmitted helminthiasis and viral, bacterial, and protozoal enteroinfections: a cross-sectional study in rural Laos

Infections

Total (N = 746)

Child < 5 years (N = 249)

School-aged child (N = 247)

Adult (N = 250)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

Any STHa

457 (61.3)

133 (53.4)

154 (62.4)

170 (68.0)

 Hookworm

325 (43.6)

81 (32.5)

118 (47.8)

126 (50.4)

 A. lumbricoides

61 (8.2)

23 (9.2)

19 (7.7)

19 (7.6)

 T. trichiura

119 (16.0)

40 (16.1)

46 (18.6)

33 (13.2)

 S. stercoralis

154 (20.6)

38 (15.3)

45 (18.2)

71 (28.4)

Any virusb

248 (33.2)

90 (36.1)

78 (31.6)

80 (32.0)

 Astrovirus

18 (2.4)

8 (3.2)

6 (2.4)

4 (2.0)

 Adenovirus

6 (0.8)

0 (0.0)

4 (1.6)

2 (0.8)

 Norovirus GI

8 (1.2)

1 (0.4)

4 (1.6)

3 (1.2)

 Norovirus GII

55 (7.4)

21 (8.4)

15 (6.1)

19 (7.6)

 Rotavirus

180 (24.1)

61 (24.5)

58 (23.5)

61 (24.4)

 Sapovirus

11 (1.5)

8 (3.2)

3 (1.2)

0 (0)

Any bacteriac

640 (86.8)

216 (86.8)

206 (83.4)

218 (87.2)

 Aeromonas spp.

224 (30.0)

54 (21.7)

70 (28.3)

100 (40.0)

 Clostridium difficile

8 (1.1)

3 (1.2)

3 (1.2)

2 (0.8)

 Campylobacter jejuni

163 (21.9)

69 (27.7)

55 (22.3)

39 (15.6)

 EAEC

353 (47.3)

113 (45.4)

109 (44.1)

131 (52.4)

 EHEC

91 (12.2)

21 (8.4)

29 (11.7)

41 (16.4)

 EPEC

262 (35.1)

94 (37.8)

91 (36.8)

77 (30.8)

 Typical

60 (8.1)

15 (6.0)

20 (8.1)

25 (10.0)

 Atypical

202 (27.1)

79 (31.7)

71 (28.7)

52 (20.8)

 ETEC

278 (37.3)

95 (38.2)

70 (28.3)

113 (45.2)

 LT-ETEC

78 (10.5)

35 (14.1)

13 (5.3)

30 (12.0)

 ST-ETEC

200 (26.8)

60 (24.1)

57 (23.1)

83 (33.2)

 Shigella spp./EIEC

117 (15.7)

37 (14.9)

36 (14.6)

44 (17.6)

 Salmonella enterica

37 (5.0)

8 (3.2)

9 (3.6)

20 (8.0)

Any protozoad

543 (72.8)

203 (81.5)

188 (76.1)

152 (60.8)

 Cryptosporidium spp.

105 (14.1)

41 (16.5)

34 (13.8)

30 (12.0)

 Cryptosporidium hominus

1 (0.1)

0 (0)

1 (0.4)

0 (0)

 Cryptosporidium parvum

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 Entamoeba histolytica

1 (0.1)

1 (0.4)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 Giardia intestinalis

514 (68.9)

195 (78.3)

179 (72.5)

140 (56.0)

Mean (standard deviation) number of microparasites

3.3 (1.7)

3.3 (1.5)

3.1 (1.7)

3.3 (1.8)

  1. aSoil-transmitted helminth (STH) includes one or more of the following helminths: hookworm (N. americanus and/or A. duodenale), A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, or S. stercoralis
  2. bVirus includes one or more of the following pathogens: astrovirus, adenovirus, norovirus GI, norovirus GII, rotavirus, or sapovirus
  3. cBacteria includes one or more of the following pathogens: Aeromonas, C. difficile, C. jejuni, EAEC, EHEC, EPEC (typical or atypical), LT- or ST-ETEC, Shigella spp./Enteroinvasive E. coli, or Salmonella
  4. dProtozoa includes one or more of the following pathogens: non-hominus and non-parvum Cryptosporidium spp., C. hominus, C. parvum, E. histolytica, and G. intestinalis
  5. All data come from quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis
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Parasites & Vectors

ISSN: 1756-3305

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