Table 3 Baseline characteristics of the study population and its association with P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria cases
Characteristics | P. vivax | P. falciparum | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. positive (%) (n = 42) | No. negative (%) (n = 808) | P-value | No. positive (%) (n = 35) | No. negative (%) (n = 878) | P-value | |
Study area | 0.001** | 0.008** | ||||
Salvador | 20 (47.6) | 282 (34.9) | 11 (61.1) | 291 (35.0) | ||
Urco Miraño | 3 (7.1) | 246 (30.4) | 0 (0.0) | 249 (29.9) | ||
Libertad | 18 (42.9) | 227 (28.1) | 6 (33.3) | 239 (28.7) | ||
Visto Bueno | 1 (2.4) | 53 (6.6) | 1 (5.6) | 53 (6.4) | ||
Sex | 0.636 | 0.815 | ||||
Female | 22 (52.4) | 388 (48.0) | 8 (44.4) | 402 (48.3) | ||
Male | 20 (47.6) | 420 (52.0) | 10 (55.6) | 430 (51.7) | ||
Age group (years) | 0.781 | 0.456 | ||||
<10 | 15 (35.7) | 259 (32.0) | 4 (22.2) | 270 (32.5) | ||
10–29.9 | 11 (26.2) | 255 (31.6) | 8 (44.4) | 258 (31.0) | ||
≥30 | 16 (38.1) | 294 (36.4) | 6 (33.3) | 304 (36.5) | ||
Education | 0.343 | 0.682 | ||||
None | 11 (26.2) | 223 (27.6) | 4 (22.2) | 230 (27.6) | ||
Primary school | 27 (64.3) | 440 (54.5) | 12 (66.7) | 455 (54.7) | ||
Secondary school or higher | 4 (9.5) | 145 (17.9) | 2 (11.1) | 147 (17.7) | ||
Occupation (>18 years-old) | 0.003** | 0.254 | ||||
Forest related | 5 (11.9) | 260 (32.2) | 9 (50.0) | 256 (30.7) | ||
Housewife/student | 32 (76.2) | 409 (50.6) | 7 (38.9) | 434 (52.2) | ||
Others | 5 (11.9) | 139 (17.2) | 2 (11.1) | 142 (17.1) | ||
Dwelling wall materiala | 1.000 | 0.034** | ||||
Wood | 35 (92.1) | 630 (92.4) | 13 (76.5) | 652 (92.7) | ||
Pona and other related | 3 (7.9) | 52 (7.6) | 4 (23..5) | 51 (7.3) | ||
Dwelling roof material | 0.745 | 0.321 | ||||
Tin (calamina) | 14 (33.3) | 293 (36.3) | 4 (22.2) | 303 (36.4) | ||
Palm leaves | 28 (66.7) | 515 (63.7) | 14 (77.8) | 529 (63.6) | ||
Electricity | 0.103* | 0.276 | ||||
Yes | 16 (38.1) | 207 (25.6) | 11 (61.1) | 616 (74.0) | ||
No | 26 (61.9) | 601 (74.4) | 7 (38.9) | 216 (26.0) | ||
Impregnated bednets | 0.381 | 0.336 | ||||
Yes | 38 (90.5) | 680 (84.2) | 17 (94.4) | 701 (84.3) | ||
No | 4 (9.5) | 128 (15.8) | 1 (5.6) | 131 (15.7) | ||