Table 1 Results of the multi-level logistic regression model, including village as random effect

Sex

 Female

1

 Male

0.98

0.64–1.5

0.930

Age^b

1.05

0.89–1.23

0.582

Lived in areas with high density of dogs and sheep in the past 20 years

 No

1

 Yes

1.94

0.84–4.47

0.118

Main occupation in the past 20 years*

 Non-agricultural activities or office/service employee

1

 Housewife

3.11

1.51–6.41

0.002

 Farmer/livestock breeder/other agricultural/veterinary activities

2.49

0.93–6.66

0.068

 Students and children < 5 years of age

1.31

0.61–2.85

0.487

 Retired

2.88

1.09–7.65

0.033

 Unemployed

2.09

0.51–8.58

0.309

Agricultural activities in the past 20 years

 No

1

 Yes

1.47

0.64–3.36

0.366

Education

 None

1

 Primary

1.05

0.55–2.00

0.893

 Secondary/high school

1.15

0.60–2.18

0.678

 University/postgraduate

0.11

0.01–0.88

0.038

Knowledge of human CE existence

 No

1

 Yes

1.78

0.69–4.58

0.235

Known presence of relatives with CE

 No

1

 Yes

4.18

1.77–9.88

0.001

Raw viscera given to dogs

 No

1

 Yes

1.50

0.95–2.38

0.080

Drink commercial water*

 No

1

 Yes

0.65

0.40–1.04

0.071