Table 4 Laboratory trials using Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus against malaria vectors in sub-Saharan Africa
Site (Country) | Bacterial strain (potency) | Product (formulations) | Species tested (larval instar) | Exposure time (h) | LC50 | LC90/95 | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ICIPE (Kenya) | Bti (2700 ITU/mg) | VectoBac® (WDG) | An. gambiae (s.s.) (3rd) | 24 | 0.021 | 0.201 | [67] |
Bs (650 BsITU/mg) | VectoLex® (WDG) | An. gambiae (s.s.) (3rd) | 24 | 0.004 | 0.038 | ||
Bti (10000 ITU/mg) | Bactimos® (PP) | An. gambiae (s.s.) (3rd) | 24 | 0.006 | 0.090 | ||
Bs (1600 ITU/mg) | (TP) | An. gambiae (s.s.) (3rd) | 24 | 0.002 | 0.018 | ||
Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) | Bti (3500 ITU/mg) | Bactimos® (WP) | An. gambiae (s.l.) (3rd and 4th) | 24 | 0.081 | 0.231a | [70] |
Bti (2000 ITU/mg) | VectoBac® (WP) | An. gambiae (s.l.) (3rd and 4th) | 24 | 0.110 | 0.375a | ||
Bti (1500 ITU/mg) | Teknar (FC) | An. gambiae (s.l.) (3rd and 4th) | 24 | 0.662 | 1.743a | ||
Bs (not stated) | 1593 IF-119 (SD) | An. gambiae (s.l.) (3rd and 4th) | 48 | 0.043 | 0.107a | ||
Bs (not stated) | 2362 IF-118 (SD) | An. gambiae (s.l.) (3rd and 4th) | 48 | 0.022 | 0.130a | ||
MRC, Farafenni (Gambia) | Bs (650 Bs ITU/mg) | VectoLex® (WDG) | An. gambiae (s.s.) (3rd) | 24 | 0.004 | 0.023 | [69] |
Bti (3000 ITU/mg) | VectoBac® (WDG) | An. gambiae (s.s.) (3rd) | 24 | 0.039 | 0.132 | ||
KEMRI, Kisumu (Kenya) | Bti (7000 ITU/mg) | Not stated | An. gambiae (s.l.) (3rd) | 24 | 0.062 | 0.797 | [21] |
Bs (1000 ITU/mg) | Not stated | An. gambiae (s.l.) (3rd) | 48 | 0.058 | 0.451 | ||
KCCR, Kumasi (Ghana) | Bti (3000 ITU/mg) | VectoBac® (WDG) | An. gambiae (3rd) | 24 | 0.026 | 0.136 | [68] |
Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) | Bs (not stated) | (FC) | An. gambiae (s.s.) (3rd) | 48 | 0.342 | 1.807 | [20] |
UFS, Muheza (Tanzania) | Bs (not stated) | Spherimos (FC) | An. funestus (4th) | 48 | 1.0 | 6.0 | [26] |
KCCR, Kumasi (Ghana) | Bs (not stated) | VectoLex® (WDG) | An. gambiae (s.l.) (3rd and 4th) | 24 | 0.0027 | 0.0086 | [66] |
NOCMVD, Nazareth (Ethiopia) | Bti (not stated) | IPS-82 | An. arabiensis (3rd) | 48 | 0.0018b | – | [65] |
Bs (not stated) | SPH-88 | An. arabiensis (3rd) | 48 | 0.0076b | – | ||
NICD, Johannesburg (South Africa) | Bti (not stated) | Not stated | An. quadriannulatus (3rd) | 24 | 2.97 | 5.02 | [64] |
– | An. arabiensis (3rd) | 24 | 3.72 | 10.10a | |||
– | An. gambiae (3rd) | 24 | 3.76 | 7.70a | |||
– | An. merus (3rd) | 24 | 3.82 | 6.65a | |||
– | An. funestus (3rd) | 24 | 4.44 | 13.50a |