Table 3 Chronological arrangement of reports of laboratory confirmed natural infections of NHPs with CHIKV in countries around the world
Year | Reference | Country | Primate speciesa | Diagnostic test | Prevalence (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1962 | McIntosh et al. (1964) [22] | Zimbabweb | Chacma baboon (Papio ursinis) | HAI and VI | 100 (9/9) |
1962 | McIntosh et al. (1964) [22] | Zimbabweb | African green monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) | HAI and VI | 100 (4/4) |
1965? | Halstead & Udomsakdi, (1966) [73] | Thailand | Unspecified | HAI and SN | Seropositive, numbers not stated |
1963–1967 | Marchette et al. (1978) [74] | Thailand | Macaca fascicularis | HAI and PRNT | 1.5 (6/393) |
1963–1967 | Marchette et al. (1978) [74] | Thailand | Macaca nemestrina | HAI and PRNT | 2.3 (3/132) |
1963–1967 | Marchette et al. (1978) [74] | Thailand | Presbytis melalophos | HAI and PRNT | 16.7 (1/6) |
1963–1967 | Marchette et al. (1978) [74] | Thailand | Presbytis obscura | HAI and PRNT | 14.6 (6/41) |
1964–1969 | McIntosh (1970) [69] | South Africa (Transvaal) | Chacma baboon (Papio ursinis) | HAI and SN | 11.9 (9/76) |
1964–1969 | McIntosh (1970) [69] | South Africa (Natal) | African green monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) | HAI and SN | 25.1 (75/298) |
1964–1969 | McIntosh (1970) [69] | Zimbabweb | Chacma baboon (Papio ursinis) | HAI and SN | 100 (4/4) |
1969 | McCrae et al. (1971) [70] | Uganda | Red-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus ascanius schmidti) | HAI | 83.3 (25/30) |
1972 | Diallo et al. (1999) [30] | Senegal | African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) | VI | 2/not stated |
1975 | Diallo et al. (1999) [30] | Senegal | Baboon (Papio papio) | VI | 1/not stated |
1983 | Diallo et al. (1999) [30] | Senegal | Patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) | VI | 1/not stated |
1985–2000 | Eastwood et al. (2017) [25] | Kenya | Olive baboon (Papio anubis) | PRNT | 13.1 (33/252)c |
1985–2000 | Eastwood et al. (2017) [25] | Kenya | Vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) | PRNT | 13.1 (33/252)c |
1985–2000 | Eastwood et al. (2017) [25] | Kenya | Blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis) | PRNT | 13.1 (33/252)c |
1996 | Diallo et al. (1999) [30] | Senegal | Bush baby (Galago senegalensis) | VI | 1/not stated |
1996 | Diallo et al. (1999) [30] | Senegal | African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) | VI | 1/not stated |
1998-2006 | Kading et al. (2013) [26] | Gabon | Mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) | PRNT | 20.0 (5/25) |
2006 | Vourcʼh et al. (2014) [72] | Indian Ocean Islands (Réunion, Mayotte, Mauritius) | Brown lemur (Eulemur fulvus) | ELISA and PRNT | 3.8 (2/52) |
2006 | Vourcʼh et al. (2014) [72] | Indian Ocean Islands (Réunion, Mayotte, Mauritius) | Crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis) | ELISA and PRNT | 1.5 (2/134) |
2007–2008 | Apandi et al. (2009) [75] | Malaysia | Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) | PCR | 3.8 (4/105) |
2008–2009 | Nakgoi et al. (2014) [55] | Thailand | Northern pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina leonine) | PRNT | 10.5 (4/38) |
2009–2010 | Sam et al. (2015) [76] | Malaysia | Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) | PRNT | 0.7 (1/146) |
2009–2010 | Sow et al. (2018) [71] | Senegal | Guinea baboon (Papio papio) | PRNT | 82.0 (96/117) |
2009–2010 | Sow et al. (2018) [71] | Senegal | African green monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus) | PRNT | 75.8 (25/33) |
2009–2010 | Sow et al. (2018) [71] | Senegal | Patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) | PRNT | 7.0 (5/71) |
2010–2012 | Althouse et al. (2018) [10] | Senegal | Guinea baboon (Papio papio) | PRNT | 71.8 (479/667) (n = 399)c |
2010–2012 | Althouse et al. (2018) [10] | Senegal | African green monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus) | PRNT | 71.8 (479/667) (n = 198)c |
2010–2012 | Althouse et al. (2018) [10] | Senegal | Patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) | PRNT | 71.8 (479/667) (n = 70)c |
2013 | Moreiro-Soto et al. (2018) [77] | Brazil | White-cheeked spider monkey (Ateles marginatus) | PRNT | 33.3 (1/3) |
2013 | Moreiro-Soto et al. (2018) [77] | Brazil | Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) | PRNT | 12.5 (1/8) |
2013 | Moreiro-Soto et al. (2018) [77] | Brazil | Capuchin monkey (Sapajus sp.) | PRNT | 5.4 (2/37) |
2013 | Moreiro-Soto et al. (2018) [77] | Brazil | Buff-headed capuchin (Sapajus xanthosternos) | PRNT | 18.2 (2/11) |
2014 | Eastwood et al. (2017) [25] | Kenya | Olive baboon (Papio anubis) | PRNT | 27.8 (5/18) |
2014 | Eastwood et al. (2017) [25] | Kenya | Red-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus ascanius) | PRNT | 14.3 (1/7) |
2014 | Eastwood et al. (2017) [25] | Kenya | Blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis) | PRNT | 37.5 (3/8) |
2014 | Moreiro-Soto et al. (2018) [77] | Brazil | Blonde capuchin (Sapajus flavius) | PRNT | 4.8 (1/21) |
2016 | Moreiro-Soto et al. (2018) [77] | Brazil | Crested capuchin (Sapajus robustus) | PRNT | 50.0 (1/2) |
2016 | Moreiro-Soto et al. (2018) [77] | Brazil | Capuchin monkey (Sapajus sp.) | PRNT | 14.3 (3/21) |