Table 4 Chronological arrangement of reports of laboratory confirmed natural infection of NHPs with ZIKV in countries around the world
Year | Reference | Country | Primate speciesa | Diagnostic test | Prevalence (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1947 | Dick et al. (1952) [21] | Uganda | Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) | VI | 100 (1/1) |
1962–1971 | Rudnick (1986) [23] | Malaysia | Pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) | HAI | 1.2 (2/163) |
1962–1971 | Rudnick (1986) [23] | Malaysia | Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) | HAI | 1.8 (4/225) |
1969–1970 | McCrae & Kirya (1982) [81] | Uganda | Red-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus ascanius schmidti) | HAI and SN | 38.1 (54/142) and 52.1 (74/142) |
1969–1970 | McCrae & Kirya (1982) [81] | Uganda | Colobus (Colobus abyssinicus uellensis) | HAI and SN | 45.4 (5/11) and 54.5 (6/11) |
1969–1970 | McCrae & Kirya (1982) [81] | Uganda | Mangabey (Cercocebus albigena johnstoni) | HAI and SN | 50.0 (2/4) and 75 (3/4) |
1969–1971 | Monath & Kemp (1973) [45] | Nigeria | African green monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) | HAI and SN | 55.5 (5/9) and 66.6 (6/9) |
1969–1971 | Monath & Kemp (1973) [45] | Nigeria | Mona monkey (Cercopithecus mona) | HAI and SN | 36.1 (13/36) and 41.7 (15/36) |
1969–1971 | Monath & Kemp (1973) [45] | Nigeria | Western putty-nosed monkey (Cercopithecus nictitans martini) | HAI and SN | 50.0 (2/4) and 25.0 (1/4) |
1969–1971 | Monath & Kemp (1973) [45] | Nigeria | Red-capped mangabey (Cercopithecus torquatus) | HAI and SN | 100 (5/5) and 80.0 (4/5) |
1969–1971 | Monath & Kemp (1973) [45] | Nigeria | Olive baboon (Papio anubis choras) | HAI and SN | 100 (2/2) and 50.0 (1/2) |
1969–1971 | Monath & Kemp (1973) [45] | Nigeria | Wadi monkey (Erythrocebus patas) | HAI and SN | 11.9 (8/67) and 5.9 (4/67) |
1979–1980 | Althouse et al. (2015) [8] | Senegal | Vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) | VI and IFA | 100 (1/1) and 100 (1/1) |
1980 | Althouse et al. (2015) [8] | Senegal | Patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) | VI and IFA | 100 (1/1) and 100 (1/1) |
1985, 1986 | Buechler et al. (2016) [84] | Gambia | Vervet monkey (Chlorocebus sp.) | ELISA | 16.0 (4/25) |
1996–1998 | Kilbourn et al. (2003) [91] | Malaysia | Western Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus) | ELISA and/or IFA | 8.4 (6/71) |
1996–1997 | Wolfe et al. (2001) [58] | Malaysia | Western Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus) | PRNT | 2.8 (2/71) |
2010–2014 | Buechler et al. (2016) [84] | Tanzania | Yellow baboon (Papio sp.) | ELISA | 4.9 (2/41) |
2012 | Moreiro-Soto et al. (2018) [77] | Brazil | Capuchin (Sapajus sp.) | PRNT | 4.8 (1/21) |
2012 | Moreiro-Soto et al. (2018) [77] | Brazil | Marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) | PRNT | 100 (1/1) |
2013 | Moreiro-Soto et al. (2018) [77] | Brazil | Red-handed howler monkey (Alouatta belzebul) | PRNT | 100 (1/1) |
2014 | Moreiro-Soto et al. (2018) [77] | Brazil | Capuchin (Sapajus flavius) | PRNT | 4.8 (1/21) |
2014 | Moreiro-Soto et al. (2018) [77] | Brazil | Red-handed howler monkey (Alouatta belzebul) | PRNT | 100 (1/1) |
2016 | Favoretto et al. (2016) [92] | Brazil | Capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus) | PCR | 33.3 (3/9) |
2016 | Favoretto et al. (2016) [92] | Brazil | Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) | PCR | 26.7 (4/15) |
2017 | Terzian et al. (2018) [93] | Brazil | Capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus) | PCR | 38.2 (31/81) |
2017 | Terzian et al. (2018) [93] | Brazil | Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) | PCR | 100 (1/1) |
2017 | Moreiro-Soto et al. (2018) [77] | Brazil | Red-handed howler monkey (Alouatta belzebul) | PRNT | 33.3 (1/3) |