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Table 1 Sheep flocks management variables and categories derived from survey, percentage of answers and negative and positive infection ratios

From: Liver fluke in Irish sheep: prevalence and associations with management practices and co-infection with rumen fluke

Question

Category

Answers

% (n)

Negative

% (n)

Positive

% (n)

Breed

Horned mountain breed

11.9 (30)

5.9 (15)

5.9 (15)

Suffolk and crosses

38.1 (96)

18.2 (46)

19.8 (50)

Texal and crosses

24.4 (59)

11.1 (28)

12.3 (31)

Cheviot

7.1 (18)

4.4 (11)

2.8 (7)

Leicester and crosses

4.4 (11)

4.4 (11)

0 (0)

Charollais and crosses

4.8 (12)

2.4 (6)

2.4 (6)

Galway and crosses

0.4 (1)

0 (0)

0.4 (1)

Other

9.9 (25)

5.9 (15)

3.9 (10)

Flock size

< 120

53.9 (138)

27.3 (70)

26.6 (68)

> 120

46.1 (118)

26.6 (68)

19.5 (50)

Other livestock present on farm

None

25.0 (63)

15.1 (38)

9.9 (25)

Beef

59.9 (151)

30.2 (76)

29.8 (75)

Dairy

1.2 (3)

0.8 (2)

0.4 (1)

Horses

3.6 (9)

0.8 (2)

2.9 (7)

Other

10.3 (26)

5.2 (13)

5.2 (13)

Same paddock grazing of other livestock and sheep

No other livestock

24.5 (60)

13.9 (34)

10.6 (26)

Same paddock grazing, not at same time

25.3 (62)

10.6 (26)

14.7 (36)

Same paddock grazing, at same time

47.4 (116)

24.9 (61)

22.5 (55)

No

2.9 (7)

1.6 (4)

1.2 (3)

Lambing period

December-January (early)

1.2 (3)

0.8 (2)

0.4 (1)

January-March (early-mid)

14.9 (37)

6.9 (17)

8.1 (20)

February-March (mid)

25.8 (64)

12.9 (32)

12.9 (32)

March-April (mid-late)

52.4 (130)

27.4 (68)

25.0 (62)

April-June (late)

3.2 (8)

2.8 (7)

0.4 (1)

Other

2.4 (6)

1.2 (3)

1.2 (3)

Sheep grazing land

Only lowland

67.5 (168)

36.6 (91)

30.9 (77)

Lowland (> 50%) and mountain

18.5 (46)

7.6 (19)

10.8 (27)

Lowland and mountain (> 50%)

12.9 (32)

6.8 (17)

6.0 (15)

Only mountain

1.2 (3)

0.8 (2)

0.4 (1)

Organic farm

Organic certified

2.9 (7)

1.2 (3)

1.6 (4)

Organic not certified

7.3 (18)

3.3 (8)

4.1 (10)

No

89.8 (221)

47.2 (116)

42.7 (105)