Transovarial transmission of Borrelia spp., Rickettsia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ixodes ricinus under field conditions extrapolated from DNA detection in questing larvae

Table 2 Results of the GLMM testing the influence of location/year and coinfection in the nest on Borrelia spp. prevalence in larvae collected in Hanover, Hamburg and Mellendorf (n = 1220 larvae from 43 nests)

Factor	Estimate	SE	z	P
Intercept	− 4.143	0.724	− 5.724	< 0.001
Hamburg 2011 vs Hanover 2010	0.787	0.742	1.060	0.890
Hanover 2015 vs Hamburg 2011	− 0.846	1.203	− 0.703	0.980
Hanover 2017 vs Hamburg 2011	− 1.206	0.783	− 1.540	0.622
Hanover 2018 vs Hamburg 2011	0.490	0.681	0.719	0.978
Hanover 2015 vs Hanover 2010	− 0.059	1.286	− 0.046	1.000
Hanover 2017 vs Hanover 2010	− 0.419	0.909	− 0.461	0.997
Hanover 2018 vs Hanover 2010	1.277	0.811	1.574	0.599
Hanover 2017 vs Hanover 2015	− 0.360	1.313	− 0.274	1.000
Hanover 2018 vs Hanover 2015	1.336	1.246	1.072	0.886
Hanover 2018 vs Hanover 2017	1.696	0.854	1.986	0.334
Mellendorf 2018 vs Hanover 2010	− 0.191	0.756	− 0.253	1.000
Mellendorf 2018 vs Hanover 2015	− 0.132	1.211	− 0.109	1.000
Mellendorf 2018 vs Hanover 2017	0.228	0.796	0.286	1.000
Mellendorf 2018 vs Hanover 2018	− 1.468	0.699	− 2.102	0.272
Mellendorf 2018 vs Hamburg 2011	− 0.979	0.559	− 1.750	0.481
Coinfection present in the nest	1.528	0.574	2.662	0.008

Notes: The full model was significantly different from a null model containing only the random factor “nest ID” (χ² = 14.0, df = 6, P = 0.029). Multiple comparisons between levels of the factor “location/year” were performed using Tukeyʼs contrasts with single-step P-value adjustment. Significant P-values (P < 0.05) are shown in bold
Abbreviation: SE, standard error

ISSN: 1756-3305