Modelling the monthly abundance of Culicoides biting midges in nine European countries using Random Forests machine learning

Table 4 Normalized RMSE values (nRMSE) for the RF models and interpolation for January to December

Month	Obsoletus ensemble		Pulicaris ensemble		C. imicola
Month	nRMSERF	nRMSE Interpolation	nRMSE RF	nRMSE Interpolation	nRMSE RF	nRMSE Interpolation
January	2.03	3.22	14.70	17.57	1.36	4.35
February	1.92	1.81	3.76	4.54	2.16	3.16
March	1.17	1.25	3.59	3.51	1.70	2.70
April	0.46	0.53	0.8	0.76	2.73	3.66
May	0.56	0.51	0.89	0.81	2.64	5.34
June	0.62	0.50	0.78	0.66	2.03	2.69
July	0.38	0.38	0.71	0.65	2.44	3.01
August	0.71	0.68	1.45	1.30	2.38	2.81
September	0.57	0.55	0.86	0.75	1.53	2.12
October	0.65	0.50	0.88	0.72	1.56	2.69
November	0.76	0.67	1.33	1.15	1.75	2.18
December	1.51	1.65	2.13	2.59	3.20	3.82
Total mean	0.94	1.02	2.65	2.91	2.12	3.21

Notes: RF and interpolation were performed using the average abundance. The mean for all months and for each method is shown in the last row

ISSN: 1756-3305