Fig. 4

Numbers of Phlebotomus orientalis sand flies captured on horizontal coloured sticky traps, during full dark nights. Each trap night reflects the number of sand flies found on 10 A4 size paper or a transparent plastic sheets placed horizontally on the ground, between 18:00–06:00 h at different microhabitats at Belo village, Rahad region, eastern Sudan (March–June 2018). Boxplot boxes represent the interquartile range, the horizontal lines represent the medians and the upper and lower whiskers represent the maximum and minimum values. Different letters above bars indicate significantly different values (Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by pairwise analysis, adjusted by Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons)