Fig. 1

Bs exposure suppressed the susceptibility of P. yoelii of An. dirus without effect of melanization. a The infection of P. yoelii on midguts of An. dirus (yellow dots represent oocysts). b The infection intensities of Plasmodium on mosquito midguts in the control and Bs groups. c The infection rates of the control group and Bs group. d The melanized oocysts (black dots) on the midguts of mosquitoes. e The intensities of melanized Plasmodium on mosquito midguts in control and Bs groups. f The melanization rates in the two groups. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; ns, non-significant