Fig. 1

Mean percent third-stage larvae (L3) of Dirofilaria immitis (Di) and Brugia malayi (Bm) exhibiting jird peritoneal exudate cell (PEC) attachment is presented for each culture condition. Larvae were incubated separately by species (separate culture), together in equal numbers (co-culture), with a 24-h pre-incubation (p.i.) period before exposure to jird cells, or heat-killed. The source of jird cells is indicated beneath the condition tested, i.e., either filaria-naïve jird or jirds previously infected with B. malayi via the subcutaneous route. For all conditions, we cultured 20 larvae per well. Asterisks indicate a significant intraspecific difference from culture conditions in the first group (p < 0.05)