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Table 1 Percentage infection of Wolbachia in 40 mosquito species collected from 12 Singapore localities

From: Wolbachia infection in wild mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae): implications for transmission modes and host-endosymbiont associations in Singapore

Mosquito species

Localities

Total

Infection (%)

Supergroup

BN

BA

BB

DF

KR

KJ

M

RR

SBG

SBL

T

U

Aedeomyia catastica

–

0/1

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0/1

0.0

–

Aedes aegypti

0/1

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0/13

0/14

0.0

–

Aedes albolineatus

–

–

–

–

–

–

0/3

–

–

–

–

–

0/3

0.0

–

Aedes albopictus

–

–

–

6/10

6/10

3/6

6/11

–

–

–

–

–

21/37

56.8

A, B

Aedes annandaleia

–

–

–

–

3/4

–

8/9

–

–

–

–

–

11/13

84.6

A

Aedes nr. fumidusa

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

6/10

–

–

6/10

60.0

A

Aedes gardnerii

–

–

–

–

–

–

1/1

–

–

–

–

–

1/1

100.0

A

Aedes malayensis

–

–

–

1/2

13/16

0/2

–

–

–

–

–

–

14/20

70.0

A

Anopheles barbirostris complex

–

–

–

0/2

–

–

0/2

–

–

–

–

–

0/4

0.0

–

Anopheles lesteri

–

–

–

–

–

0/2

–

–

–

–

–

–

0/2

0.0

–

Anopheles sinensis

–

0/12

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0/12

0.0

–

Armigeres kesseli

–

–

–

–

3/3

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

3/3

100.0

B

Coquillettidia crassipes

–

–

–

2/2

6/7

4/4

–

–

–

–

–

–

12/13

92.3

B

Culex (Lophoceramyia) spp.c

–

–

–

–

0/1

0/2

1/9

–

–

–

0/2

–

1/14

7.1

B

Culex bitaeniorhynchus

–

–

–

–

0/1

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

0/1

0.0

–

Culex brevipalpis

–

–

–

0/1

–

–

0/2

–

–

–

–

–

0/3

0.0

–

Culex nigropunctatus

–

–

–

–

–

0/1

0/2

–

–

–

–

–

0/3

0.0

–

Culex pseudovishnui

–

–

–

–

11/12

–

4/4

–

3/5

1/1

–

–

19/22

86.4

B

Culex quinquefasciatus

–

5/8

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

5/8

62.5

B

Culex sitiens

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

2/4

–

–

2/4

50.0

B

Culex sp.

–

–

–

–

–

–

0/2

–

–

–

–

–

0/2

0.0

–

Culex tritaeniorhynchus

–

–

–

–

–

2/5

–

–

–

0/1

0/1

–

2/7

28.6

UCb

Culex vishnui

–

–

–

–

–

–

0/2

–

–

–

0/3

–

0/5

0.0

–

Malaya genurostris

–

–

2/4

–

0/1

4/13

–

–

0/1

–

–

–

6/19

31.6

B

Mansonia dives

–

–

–

–

–

–

0/2

–

–

–

–

–

0/2

0.0

–

Mansonia indiana

–

–

–

–

–

3/3

–

–

–

–

–

–

3/3

100.0

B

Mimomyia luzonensis

–

–

–

–

–

0/1

–

–

–

–

–

–

0/1

0.0

–

Tripteroides sp.

–

–

–

–

0/7

–

½

–

–

–

–

–

1/9

11.1

UCb

Uranotaenia obscuraa

–

–

–

2/4

–

–

2/2

1/1

–

–

–

–

5/7

71.4

A

Uranotaenia sp.

–

–

–

1/2

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1/2

50.0

A

Uranotaenia trilineataa

–

–

–

–

–

–

1/1

–

–

–

–

–

1/1

100.0

B

Verrallina butleria

–

–

–

–

–

1/1

–

–

–

–

–

–

1/1

100.0

UCb

Verrallina sp.a

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1/5

–

–

–

–

1/5

20.0

UCb

Zeugnomyia gracilisa

–

–

–

1/2

–

–

1/13

1/4

–

–

–

–

3/19

15.8

B

Total

0/1

5/21

2/4

13/25

42/62

17/40

25/67

3/10

3/6

9/16

0/6

0/13

119/271

43.9

 
  1. BN Bedok North Avenue 3, BA Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park, BB Bukit Batok Town Park, DF Dairy Farm Nature Park, KR Kent Ridge Park, KJ Kranji Marshes, M Mandai Track 15, RR Rifle Range Road, SBG Singapore Botanic Garden, SBL Sungei-Buloh, T Tampines Eco-Green, U Ubi Avenue 1
  2. aSpecies in which, according to our knowledge, Wolbachia infection has not been previously reported
  3. bWolbachia infections that were unclassified (UC) with respect to supergroup [60] because their DNA sequences were either too short (< 400 base pairs), or there were alignment issues during the phylogenetic analyses
  4. cCulex (Lophoceramyia) comprises seven unique species, which were not identified here