Fig. 3

Phylogenetic analysis of three Culicoides species found to be infected with BTV. Neighbor-joining (NJ) trees of pairwise genetic distances among cytochrome c coxidase subunit 1 (cox1) sequences from the BTV-infected specimens (labeled by solid black circles) and their closest matches from NCBI. Three NJ trees were built for C. jacobsoni (a), C. tainanus complex (b), and C. imicola (c), respectively. Bootstrap values < 50% were omitted. For each specimen, species name, Genbank accession number, and the country/region of collection are provided. Some clades are highlighted in different colours. The specimens created in this study are labeled by circles. Solid black circles indicate specimens shown to be infected with BTV. Hollow black circles indicate non-infected sepciemns of C. tainanus used for comparative purposes. AUS Australia, CHN China, CMR Cameroon, ESP Spain, FRA France, INA Indonesia, IND India, JPN Japan, KOR South Korea, MAD Madagascar, MAR Morocco, MLI Mali, MOZ Mozambique, MRI Mauritius, PNG Papua New Guinea, RSA South Africa, SEN Senegal, SOL Solomon Islands, TLS Timor-Leste, TWTaiwan.