Fig. 2

Mortality and susceptibility to insecticides status of An. gambiae (s.l.) from 13 localities of Benin sampled in September 2013, 2014 and 2015. The bars indicate the mortality percentage with 95% confidence intervals after one hour of exposure to impregnated paper in the WHO test kits and mortality reading after 24 h. The status “Susceptible”, “Likely resistant” and “Resistant” correspond to 98–100%, 90–98% and less than 90% mortality, respectively (WHO, 2016 [23]). Kisumu is the An. gambiae (s.s.) susceptible reference strain for the insecticides tested. The nature of the main insecticide exposure, agriculture, malaria vector control initiative (MVCI) or not identified (NI), is indicated