Aspects of the development of Ixodes anatis under different environmental conditions in the laboratory and in the field

Table 2 Survival and developmental time of engorged larvae and nymphs of Ixodes anatis under the tested laboratory conditions

Temperature (°C)	RH (%)	Saturation deficit (mmHg)	Larvae				Nymphs
			Premoult^a		Moulting^b		Premoult^a		Moulting^b
			Time (days)	Survival %	Time (days)	Survival %	Time (days)	Survival %	Time (days)	Survival %
5	64 ± 0.50	1–2		0		0		0		0
	77 ± 0.62	1–2		0		0		0		0
	92 ± 1.86	< 1		0		0		0		0
10	62 ± 0.47	3–4		0		0	71 ± 1.70	100	6.3 ± 1.7	100
	83 ± 0.48	1–2		0		0	71 ± 0.84	100	7.4 ± 0.8	100
	94 ± 0.45	< 1	64 ± 4.39	100	9.8 ± 3.7	100	78 ± 0.84	100	6.6 ± 0.8	100
	95 ± 0.86	< 1	78 ± 1.23	100	18.3 ± 5.02	100	78 ± 1.33	100	7 ± 1.3	100
15	67 ± 1.18	4–5		0		0	71	100	7	30
	94 ± 0.1.53	< 1	57 ± 1.41	100	14.9 ± 1.4	100	50 ± 0.95	100	6.7 ± 0.9	100
	96 ± 2.56	< 1	57 ± 1.33	100	14.75 ± 1.3	100	36 ± 0.84	100	7.4 ± 0.8	100
20	63 ± 0.58	6–8		0		0	62 ± 1.51	100		0
	65 ± 0.61	6–8		0		0	66 ± 1.03	100	9	20
	66 ± 0.71	5–6	52 ± 0.67	100	14.15 ± 0.7	100	38 ± 0	100	12.6 ± 2.95	100
	86 ± 1.58	2–3	73 ± 0.82	100	6.6 ± 0.8	100	66 ± 1.93	100	14 ± 4.8	100
25	64 ± 0.71	8–10	35	60	7	60	35 ± 15.65	50	8.8 ± 2.5	10
	67 ± 1.82	8		0		0	56	10		0
	74 ± 0.56	6		0		0	70	100		0
	84 ± 0.98	3–4		0		0	35 ± 1.64	50	7	30
	88 ± 1.2	3		0		0	70 ± 2.54	90	9 ± 1.7	90
	98 ± 0.23	< 1		0		0	28	70	7	40
30	67 ± 0.87	10–12		0		0		0		0
	73 ± 1.60	8–10		0		0		0		0
	73 ± 0.6	8–10		0		0		0		0
	82 ± 2.01	5–6		0		0		0		0
	85 ± 0.17	4–5		0		0		0		0
	99 ± 1.80	< 1		0		0		0		0

Values in table are presented as the mean ± standard deviation
There were 20 larvae and 10 nymphs at each temperature and RH combination
The saturation deficit of air in each chamber was calculated using the formula from Randolph and Storey [27]
^a Pre-moult refers to the number of ticks that survived and started moulting
^bMoulting refers to the actual time of moulting from attachment to complete emergence

ISSN: 1756-3305