Fig. 6

Geometric morphometrics of Rhodnius ecuadoriensis heads (a) and forewings (b): canonical discriminant analysis of relative warps. The left-hand-side plots are factorial maps based on the two first CVs, with convex hulls enclosing individual bugs of each population. Grids show head and forewing thin plate spline configurations at selected CV values (dotted arrows); head and forewing landmarks are shown (as light-green dots) for reference. Note the striking elongation of the head with increasing CV1 scores (in a) and the distinctive configuration of the forewing in Peruvian bugs, with low scores on both axes (in b). The right-hand-side panels show the results of UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means) cluster analyses based on Mahalanobis distances (scale bar: 1.0 unit). Centroid-size comparisons are shown in Additional file 5: Figure S2