Fig. 1

Geographical distribution and statistical parsimony network of 76 rRNA 18S haplotypes found in 46 populations of H. canis in the world. a Distribution map of haplotypes. Black dots represent sampled populations. Pie charts represent haplotypes found in each sampling population. Section size of pie charts corresponds to the proportion of individuals with a given haplotype. b Haplotype network. Black dots represent unsampled haplotypes. Circle size represents the frequency of each haplotype. The coloring facilitates the representation of haplotype diversity in the geography based on the nine most prevalent haplotypes. The numbers inside the haplotypes in the network indicate the number of individuals that share that haplotype. c Bayesian analysis of population structure (BAPS). BAPS show four genetic clusters distributed in different proportions among continents. Colors indicate each genetic cluster. The cluster colored in yellow includes individuals from the Asia populations exclusively and hence is less abundant. The cluster in light blue includes individuals from the African, Asian and European populations. The clusters in pink and magenta include individuals from populations in the four continents