Table 3 Summary of the most relevant results regarding clinical signs and serological results in naturally infected bulls (chronically and subclinically infected bulls)
From: Changes in serum biomarkers of inflammation in bovine besnoitiosis
Group | No. animals | Systemic clinical signs/ lesions | Lesions in testicles | Parasite DNA detection | Serology | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Macroscopic lesions | Microscopic findings | Humoral | |||||||
IgM | IgG | WB | IgG avidity | ||||||
Chronic infection | 9 | Folds and hyperkeratosis skin of perineum, carpus and tarsus, presence of cysts in scleral conjunctiva | Folds and hyperkeratosis in scrotum, skin of perineum, carpus and tarsus | Inflammatory infiltrate, skin lesions and tissue cysts (average diameter of tissue cysts = 191.0 μm) | Yes | Pos | Pos | Pos | High |
Subclinical infection | 34 | No clinical signs or lesions | No lesions | Samples not available | nd | nd | Pos | Pos | nda |
Non-infected bulls | 40 | No clinical signs or lesions | No lesions | No lesions | nd | Neg | Neg | Neg | nd |