Table 2 Species of Babesia reported in tick species other than Ixodes or Dermacentor spp.

Czech Republic, Slovakia

Rybarova et al. [126]

Haemaphysalis concinna (150)

4%

Babesia sp., 6 (4%)

PCR sequencing

USA

Shock et al. [172]a

Amblyomma americanum (184, including questing)

3.3%

Babesia cf. microti, 2 (from questing)

PCR sequencing

China

Abdallah et al. [171]

Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis (242)

13.5%

Babesia sp. Xinjiang, 32 (13.2%)

PCR-RLB, PCR sequencing

Babesia bovis, 1 (0.4%)

China

Li et al. [173]

Rhipicephalus microplus (459)

0.4%

Babesia bigemina, 2 (0.4%)

PCR sequencing

China

Zhuang et al. [174]

Haemaphysalis longicornis (144)

0.7%

Babesia sp., 1

(0.7%)

NGS

China

Niu et al. [175]

Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis (188)

21.3%

Babesia sp. Xinjiang, 40 (21.3%)

Species-specific PCR

Haemaphysalis longicornis (113)

9.7%

Babesia sp. Xinjiang, 11 (9.7%)

Hungary

Hornok et al. [150]

Haemaphysalis inermis (315)

NC

Babesia crassa-like, ten pools

PCR sequencing (pools)

Haemaphysalis concinna (259)

NC

Babesia sp. Kh-Hc222, one pool

Babesia sp. Irk-Hc133, four pools

Haemaphysalis punctata (61)

NC

No Babesia

Spain

Garcia-Sanmartin et al. [125]

Haemaphysalis inermis (87)

1.1%

B. bigemina, 1 (1.1%)

PCR-RLB

Haemaphysalis punctata (111)

4.5%

B. bigemina, 1 (0.9%)

B. bovis, 1 (0.9%)

Babesia caballi, 1 (0.9%)

B. caballi-like, 1 (0.9%)

Babesia vulpes (Theileria annae), 1 (0.9%)

Haemaphysalis concinna (24)

0%

-

Rhipicephalus bursa (50)

4%

B. caballi, 1 (2%)

Babesia ovis, 1 (2%)

Slovakia

Hamšíková et al. [116]

Haemaphysalis concinna (91)

6.6%

Babesia sp. 1 (Eurasia), 5

PCR sequencing

Babesia sp. 2 (Eurasia), 1

Turkey

Brinkmann et al. [176]

Rhipicephalus bursa (76)

1.3%

B. ovis, 1 (1.3%)

NGS

Turkey

Orkun et al. [151]

Haemaphysalis parva (793)

1.6%

B. crassa, n = 8 (1%)

PCR sequencing

Babesia rossi, 4 (0.5%)

Babesia sp., 1 (0.1%)

Hyalomma marginatum (105)

12%

Babesia occultans, 12 (11%)

Babesia sp. tavsan 1

1 (1%)

Rhipicephalus turanicus (9)

11%

Babesia sp. tavsan 2

1 (11%)

Israel

Harrus et al. [177]

Rhipicephalus turanicus (83 pools)

1.2% MIR

Babesia vogeli, one pool

(1.2%)

PCR sequencing (pools)

Rhipicephalus sanguineus (48 pools)

4.2% MIR

B. vogeli, two pools (4.2%)

Hyalomma spp. (13 specimens)

0%

-

Italy

Romiti et al. [152]

Rhipicephalus bursa (980 in 110 pools)

14.6% pools

B. caballi, 16 pools

(14.5%)

qPCR with TaqMan probe for B. caballi

Japan

Masatani et al. [178]^a

Haemaphysalis formosensis (159)

1.3%

Babesia sp. (feral raccoon strain) (1.3%)

PCR sequencing

Haemophysalis flava (191)

1.6%

Babesia sp. (feral raccoon strain) (1.6%)

Haemophysalis longicornis (219)

0%

-

Japan

Sivakumar et al. [101]

Haemophysalis longicornis (175)

9.7%

Babesia ovata, 17 (9.7%)

Species-specific PCR for B. ovata

Thailand

Wattanamethanont et al. [179]

Haemaphysalis lagrangei (11,309), Haemaphysalis wellingtoni (16), Rhipicephalus microplus (859); total of 419 tick pools

0.2% (1/419 pools)

Babesia sp. (new), 1

(0.2% pools)

PCR sequencing