Nationwide molecular surveillance of three Plasmodium species harboured by symptomatic malaria patients living in Ghana

Table 2 Chi-square statistics comparing the prevalence of Plasmodium species by PCR and microscopy at each of the 10 regions of Ghana

Regions	Diagnostics	P. falciparum			df	P	P. malariae			df	P	P. ovale			df	P
		Detection frequency					Detection frequency					Detection frequency
		Positive (+)	Negative (−)	χ²			Positive ( +)	Negative (−)	χ²			Positive ( +)	Negatve (−)	χ²
AR	PCR	497	22	28.54	1	< 0.0001	15	504	11.27	1	0.0008	11	508	7.6	1	0.0058
AR	Microscopy	410	66				1	475				1	475
BAR	PCR	523	40	173.1	1	< 0.0001	15	548	15.2	1	< 0.0001	13	550	13.15	1	0.0003
BAR	Microscopy	335	228				0	563				0	563
CR	PCR	493	114	74.27	1	< 0.0001	11	596	9.37	1	0.0022	3	604	2.54	1	0.1112
CR	Microscopy	295	217				0	512				0	512
ER	PCR	235	57	258.6	1	< 0.0001	3	199	4.36	1	0.0367	2	290	2.01	1	0.1566
ER	Microscopy	41	251				0	292				0	292
GAR	PCR	344	281	126.4	1	< 0.0001	0	625	-		-	2	623	1.83	1	0.1765
GAR	Microscopy	132	438				0	570				0	570
NR	PCR	407	193	147.6	1	< 0.0001	8	592	7.29	1	0.0069	2	598	1.81	1	0.1781
NR	Microscopy	173	370				0	543				0	543
UWR	PCR	304	351	62.76	1	< 0.0001	2	653	1.89	1	0.1692	2	653	1.89	1	0.1692
UWR	Microscopy	155	463				0	618				0	618
UER	PCR	331	72	113	1	< 0.0001	1	407	1	1	0.317	6	402	6.04	1	0.014
UER	Microscopy	189	219				0	408				0	408
VR	PCR	430	77	98.13	1	< 0.0001	15	492	14.78	1	< 0.0001	3	504	2.92	1	0.0875
VR	Microscopy	277	215				0	492				0	492
WR	PCR	378	106	37.04	1	< 0.0001	6	476	5.8	1	0.016	2	482	1.92	1	0.1662
WR	Microscopy	277	186				0	463				0	463

ISSN: 1756-3305