Association between water, sanitation, and hygiene access and the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth and schistosome infections in Wolayita, Ethiopia

Table 3 Bivariate analysis of schistosomiasis by respondent characteristics

Characteristics	Total N (%)	S. mansoni by Kato-Katz (n = 129) % (95% CI)	P*	S. mansoni POC-CCA tr + (n = 3,251) % (95% CI)	P*	S. mansoni POC-CCA tr- (n = 1,867) % (95% CI)	P*	Haemastix positive ‡(n = 411) % (95% CI)	P*
Male	7249 (48.9)	0.9 (0.7, 1.1)	0.86	22.6 (21.0, 24.4)	< 0.01	14.5 (13.0, 16.1)	< 0.01	2.4 (2.1, 2.8)	0.02
Female	7719 (51.1)	0.8 (0.7, 1.1)	0.86	18.1 (16.5, 19.8)	< 0.01	11.5 (10.2, 12.9)	< 0.01	3.1 (2.7, 3.5)	0.02
Age group (years)
0–4	1527 (10.1)	0.6 (0.3, 1.1)	0.04	22.6 (19.7, 25.7)	< 0.01	13.1 (10.8, 15.7)	< 0.01	2.4 (1.7, 3.3)	0.02
5–14	4660 (30.8)	1.9 (0.9, 1.5)		25.2 (22.7, 27.9)		17.5 (15.3, 19.9)		2.3 (1.9, 2.8)
15–20	2760 (18.2)	1.0 (0.7, 1.4)		23.2 (20.2, 26.5)		16.4 (13.8, 19.4)		3.0 (2.4, 3.7)
21–35	3332 (22.0)	0.6 (0.4, 0.9)		17.3 (15.0, 19.9)		10.0 (8.24, 12.2)		3.0 (2.5, 3.7)
> 36	2686 (17.8)	0.6 (0.4, 1.0)		12.8 (10.7, 15.2)		7.47 (5.9, 9.5)		3.2 (2.6, 3.9)
Total	14,968	0.9 (0.5, 1.6)		21.6 (20.2–21.7)		13.3 (12.6, 13.6)		2.8 (2.3, 3.4)

Estimates weighted to adjust for non-response/non-availability of data on infections, 95% CI calculated using Taylor linearization method to account for clustering within communities
CI confidence interval, Tr + trace positive, Tr − trace negative
^‡Based on Haemastix test for blood in urine as proxy for infection. Schistosoma haematobium-related findings are based on Haemastix-positive results and not UF
^*Arithmetic mean intensity calculated for those positive only

ISSN: 1756-3305