Characteristics | Total N (%) | S. mansoni by Kato-Katz (n = 129) % (95% CI) | p | S. mansoni POC-CCA tr +  (n = 3251)% (95% CI) | p | S. mansoni POC-CCA tr− (n = 1867) % (95% CI) | p | Haemastix positive ‡(n = 411) % (95% CI) | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Household drinking water source** (n = 6637) | |||||||||
 Has improved drinking water Yes No | 5,201 (78.7) 1,408 (21.3) | 1.7 (1.3, 2.0) 1.2 (0.8, 1.5) | 0.19 | 20.9 (19.5, 22.2) 19.8 (18.4, 21.1) | 0.14 | 13.2 (12.5, 14.4) 16.2 (15.3, 17.7) |  < 0.01 | 3.1 (2.7, 3.6) 2.5 (1.8, 3.4) | 0.10 |
 < 30 min to water   Yes   No | 3,323 (50.7) 3,314 (49.9) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) 2.1 (1.5, 2.6) |  < 0.01 | 16.5 (15.0, 18.2) 23.9 (21.7, 26.3) |  < 0.01 | 9.7 (8.5,11.1) 16.1 (15.2, 17.6) |  < 0.01 | 3.0 (2.5, 3.7) 2.7 (2.2, 3.4) | 0.52 |
 Basic  Limited  Unimproved  Surface water | 2,716 (41.1) 2,485 (37.6) 832 (12.6) 576 (8.72) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) 2.5 (0.6, 3.3) 1.3 (0.7, 3.2) 1.0 (0.5, 2.3) |  < 0.01 | 16.9 (15.2, 18.8) 24.8 (22.8, 27.0) 14.8 (11.7, 18.6) 19.2 (15.5, 23.6) | 0.06 | 9.6 (8.3, 11.1) 16.8 (15.1, 18.7) 9.7 (7.2, 13.0) 12.5 (9.5, 16.4) | 0.01 | 3.10 (2.5, 3.8) 3.10 (2.5, 3.9) 1.38 (0.8, 2.5) 2.51 (1.5, 4.2) | 0.05 |
 Treats water with chlorine   Yes   No | 147 (7.1) 1,930 (92.9) | 3.4 (1.9, 4.5) 2.4 (1.5, 4.1) | 0.08 | 19.1 (15.1, 23.5) 16.1 (14.6, 18.0) | 0.05 | 10.9 (8.4,14.2) 9.6 (7.1, 12.9) | 0.19 | 0.7 (0.6, 0.8) 0.6 (0.5, 0.7) | 0.63 |
Characteristics | Total N (%) | S. mansoni by Kato-Katz (n = 129) % (95% CI) | p | S. mansoni POC-CCA tr +  (n = 3251)% (95% CI) | p | S. mansoni POC-CCA tr− (n = 1867) % (95% CI) | P | Haemastix positive ‡(n = 411) % (95% CI) | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observed household sanitation facilities** (n = 6637) | |||||||||
 Has improved latrine   Yes   No | 1058 (15.9) 5579 (84.1) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.5) 1.6 (0.8, 2.4) | 0.88 | 17.4 (14.4, 20.7) 13.0 (11.0, 15.2) | 0.15 | 12.9 (10.4, 15.8) 13.1 (10.2, 15.6) | 0.93 | 2.4 (1.6, 3.5) 1.2 (0.5, 1.7) | 0.06 |
 Has access to shared latrine   Yes   No | 1227 (18.5) 4896 (73.8) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.5) 1.6 (0.8, 2.4) | 0.88 | 19.4 (16.4, 22.7) 13.0 (11.0, 15.2) |  < 0.01 | 12.9 (10.4, 15.8) 13.1 (10.2, 15.6) | 0.93 | 4.1 (3.7, 4.5) 2.7 (2.4, 3.0) |  < 0.01 |
 Basic  Limited  Unimproved  Open defecation | 770 (11.6) 288 (4.34) 5065 (76.3) 514 (7.74) | 1.0 (0.5, 2.1) 2.8 (1.4, 5.5) 1.7 (1.3, 2.1) 0.8 (0.3, 2.1) | 0.09 | 15.6 (12.3, 19.6) 26.0 (20.6, 32.3) 20.6 (19.2, 22.0) 18.8 (14.2, 24.4) | 0.13 | 9.1 (6.6, 12.4) 19.5 (14.8, 25.4) 13.0 (11.9, 14.2) 13.1 (9.30, 18.1) | 0.44 | 2.6 (1.7, 4.0) 1.8 (0.8, 4.3) 3.1 (2.7, 3.7) 1.2 (0.6, 2.7) | 0.07 |
 Child stool disposed of   Yes   No | 1892 (86.8) 229 (10.5 | 1.3 (1.0, 1.8) 2.6 (1.3, 5.4) | 0.47 | 16.2 (12.9, 20.2) 22.4 (21.0, 23.8) | 0.03 | 9.6 (7.1, 12.9) 13.8 (12.7, 15.0) | 0.12 | 2.0 (1.7, 2.4) 3.2 (2.8, 3.6) | 0.03 |
Characteristics | Total N (%) | S. mansoni by Kato Katz (n = 129) % (95% CI) | P | S. mansoni POC-CCA tr +  (n = 3251) % (95% CI) | P | S. mansoni POC-CCA tr− (n = 1867) % (95% CI) | P | Haemastix positive ‡(n = 411) % (95% CI) | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observed household handwashing facilities** (n = 6637) | |||||||||
 Handwashing < 3 m from latrine   Yes   No | 1,059 (23.5) 3,440 (76.5) | 2.5 (1.2, 5.3) 1.6 (1.3, 2.l) | 0.06 | 24.8 (23.2, 26.5 20.2 (18.6, 21.9) | 0.01 | 17.3 (14.3, 19.0) 13.1 (11.7, 14.5) |  < 0.01 | 3.9 (3.4, 6.1) 2.6 (2.1, 3.3) | 0.03 |
 Basic  Limited  No facility | 574 (12.8) 935 (20.8) 2,990 (66.4) | 1.9 (1.1, 3.4) 1.9 (1.2, 3.0) 1.7 (1.3, 2.2) | 0.88 | 18.2 (14.1, 23.1) 25.5 (22.4, 28.8) 20.5 (18.9, 22.2) | 0.01 | 12.2 (8.91, 16.6) 18.1 (15.5, 21.1) 13.2 (11.8, 14.6) |  < 0.01 | 0.9 (0.4, 2.2) 4.2 (3.1, 5.8) 2.9 (2.3, 3.6) | 0.05 |
Exposure to surface water (n = 6637) | |||||||||
 Uses surface water for recreational use ∞   Yes   No | 795 (38.3) 1282 (61.7) | 3.1 (2.5, 3.6) 2.0 (1.7, 2.4) | 0.01 | 16.3 (13.1, 19.1) 14.2 (10.1, 18.1) | 0.06 | 9.9 (8.4, 11.6) 9.3 (7.8, 11.0) | 0.69 | 0.7 (0.6, 0.8) 0.3 (0.2, 0.4) | 0.27 |
 Uses surface water for clothes washing   Yes   No | 1188 (27.1) 2,077 (72.9) | 2.7 (2.4, 3.1) 1.3 (0.9, 1.8) | 0.01 | 13.7 (11.8, 15.9) 10.5 (8.3, 12.7) | 0.05 | 8.6 (6.1, 11.0) 5.8 (3.8, 7.7) | 0.05 | 0.5 (0.4, 0.6) 0.3 (0, 1.6) | 0.27 |