Africa-wide meta-analysis on the prevalence and distribution of human cystic echinococcosis and canine Echinococcus granulosus infections

Karshima, Solomon Ngutor; Ahmed, Musa Isiyaku; Adamu, Nuhu Bala; Magaji, Abdullahi Alhaji; Zakariah, Musa; Mohammed, Konto

doi:10.1186/s13071-022-05474-6

Table 3 List and characteristics of studies on Echinococcus granulosus infections in dogs in Africa

From: Africa-wide meta-analysis on the prevalence and distribution of human cystic echinococcosis and canine Echinococcus granulosus infections

Country	Study year	MOD	Sample size	Cases	Prev. (%)	95% CI	ROB	Study reference
C/Africa
Gabon	2014–16	PCR	128	0	0.00	0.00, 2.84	MR	Lotsch et al. [59]
E/Africa
Ethiopia	2008	Microscopy	18	3	16.67	3.58, 41.42	MR	Kebede et al. [97]
Ethiopia	2010	Microscopy	44	15	34.09	20.49, 49.92	MR	Koskei et al. [98]
Ethiopia	1992	Microscopy	9	2	22.22	2.81, 60.01	MR	Mersie [99]
Kenya	2013–16	PCR–RFLP	1621	178	10.98	9.50, 12.61	MR	Mulinge et al. [57]
Kenya	2001/02	Copro-ELISA	203	56	27.59	21.56, 34.28	MR	Buishi et al. [100]
Kenya	1989	ELISA	143	50	34.97	27.19, 43.38	MR	Jenkins et al. [101]
Kenya	1979–83	Microscopy	695	274	39.42	35.77, 43.17	MR	Macpherson et al. [102]
Kenya	1992	Microscopy	156	16	10.26	5.98, 16.12	MR	Wachira et al. [103]
Uganda	2007/08	Microscopy	327	217	66.36	60.96, 71.47	LR	Inangolet et al. [104]
Uganda	2013	Copro-PCR	261	32	12.26	8.54, 16.87	LR	Oba et al. [105]
Zambia	2005/06	Multiplex-PCR	540	0	0.00	0.00, 0.68	MR	Nonaka et al. [106]
N/Africa
Algeria	2006/07	Microscopy	120	22	18.33	11.86, 26.43	MR	Kohil et al. [107]
Egypt	2006	Microscopy	50	8	16.00	7.17, 29.11	MR	Mazyad et al. [76]
Libya	1985–88	Microscopy	92	33	35.87	26.13, 46.54	MR	Awan et al. [108]
Libya	2006	Microscopy	50	29	58.00	43.21, 71.81	MR	Ben Musa and Sadok [109]
Libya	2001/02	Copro-PCR	409	93	22.74	18.76, 27.11	LR	Buishi et al. [110]
Libya	1986	Microscopy	151	42	27.81	20.84, 35.68	MR	Gusbi [111]
Libya	1980–82	Microscopy	27	3	11.11	2.35, 29.16	MR	Packer and Ali [112]
Morocco	2016	Copro-PCR	254	104	40.94	34.84, 47.27	MR	Amarir et al. [113]
Morocco	2010–11	Microscopy	79	224	35.27	29.02, 41.91	LR	Dakkak et al. [114]
Morocco	1985	Microscopy	57	13	22.81	12.74, 35.85	MR	Pandey et al. [115]
Morocco	1987	Microscopy	61	31	50.82	37.70, 63.86	MR	Pandey et al. [116]
Sudan	2004	Copro-PCR	84	41	48.81	37.74, 59.96	MR	Omer et al. [55]
Sudan	1985	Microscopy	49	25	51.02	36.24, 65.58	MR	Saad and Magzoub [117]
Tunisia	2014	PCR	1095	298	27.21	24.60, 29.96	MR	Chaabane-Banaoues et al. [53]
Tunisia	2018	PCR	288	32	11.11	7.73, 15.32	MR	M’rad et al. [92]
Tunisia	1986	Microscopy	50	11	22.00	11.53, 35.96	MR	Bchir et al. [118]
Tunisia	2015	Microscopy	140	33	23.57	16.82, 31.48	MR	Iraqi [119]
Tunisia	1998/99	Microscopy	198	42	21.21	15.74, 27.57	MR	Lahmar et al. [120]
Tunisia	2007	Microscopy	375	13	3.47	1.86, 5.86	MR	Lahmar et al. [121]
Tunisia	2007	Copro-PCR	60	6	10.00	3.76, 20.51	MR	Lahmar et al. [122]
S/Africa
South Africa	1978	Microscopy	1063	10	0.94	0.45, 1.72	MR	Verster [123]
W/Africa
Mali	2010/11	Multiplex-PCR	118	1	0.85	0.02, 4.63	MR	Mauti et al. [56]
Nigeria	2012/13	ELISA	273	34	12.45	8.78, 16.97	MR	Adediran et al. [124]
Nigeria	1983	Microscopy	60	51	85.00	73.43, 92.90	MR	Arene [125]
Nigeria	2018/19	Multiplex PCR	217	12	5.53	2.89, 9.46	LR	Awosanya et al. [126]
Nigeria	1978	Microscopy	180	1	0.56	0.01, 3.06	MR	Dada et al. [127]
Nigeria	1979	Microscopy	330	13	3.94	2.11, 6.44	MR	Dada [128]
Nigeria	2019	Microscopy	26,844	2486	9.26	8.92, 9.61	MR	Karshima et al. [129]
Nigeria	1985	Microscopy	182	8	4.40	1.92, 8.48		Okolo [130]
Nigeria	1984	Microscopy	254	2	0.79	1.10, 2.82	MR	Ugochukwu and Ejimadu [131]

CI confidence interval, C/Africa Central Africa, E/Africa eastern Africa, ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, LR low risk, MR moderate risk, N/Africa northern Africa, PCR polymerase chain reaction, RFLP restriction fragment length polymorphism, ROB risk of bias, S/Africa southern Africa, W/Africa western Africa

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ISSN: 1756-3305

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