Fig. 1
From: Whipworm secretions and their roles in host-parasite interactions
Life-cycle of T. muris. Beginning from the top left: infection occurs via the faecal-oral route. Eggs hatch in the host caecum releasing L1 larvae, which then burrow into the caecal epithelial crypts. Larvae undergo four moults to become adults at the time points specified on the diagram. Male and female worms mate and eggs are released into the caecal lumen, where they exit the host in the faeces. Eggs must undergo a period of embryonation before they are infective. L1/L2/L3/L4, First/second/third/fourth-stage larvae, respectively; p.i., post infection