Fig. 4

Indole repels human-seeking female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. a Diagram of the arm-in-cage assay (inset). The gloved had of the person participating in the experiment is introduced inside a cage containing 15 Ae. aegypti female mosquitoes. The exposed skin area was monitored by a recording camera (see Additional file 6: Video S1 for a representative video). The number of mosquito visits were counted and normalized as a function of treatments, including treatments with the vehicle (diethyl ether [DEE]), DEET 1 M and 7 indole concentrations. All treatment groups were analyzed using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test (n = 3, see Methods section for more details). The percentage of inhibition is indicated below the graph in the gray shaded area. Different lowercase letters above bars indicate significant difference at P ≤ 0.05). b Hyperbola line fitting of the cumulative number of mosquito landings over time. Points represented are mean ± standard deviation of the mean (n = 3). See Additional file 7: Fig. S2. c Histogram of the normalized average time duration mosquitoes spent on the exposed skin area. A one-way ANOVA analysis was used to analyze all treatment groups. The Shapiro–Wilk normality test (W = 0.95056, P = 0.2212) was performed on the square root of the dependent variable (n = 3). Vertical lines indicate SEM