Systemic veterinary drugs for control of the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, in poultry farms

Parasites & Vectors

Table 2 Fluralaner dose-mortality assays, resistance ratios and deltamethrin diagnostic dose assays of five recently collected C. lectularius populations relative to an insecticide-susceptible (Harlan) population

Population (abbreviation), year collected	Collection location (USA)	Fluralaner^a							Deltamethrin
Population (abbreviation), year collected	Collection location (USA)	n	LC₅₀, ng/ml (95% CI)^b	LC₉₀, ng/ml (95% CI)^b	Slope ± SEM	χ² (df)	t-Ratio^c	RR at LC₅₀^d (95% CI)	% mortality in HA at LD₉₉ (n)^e
Harlan (HA), 1973 (insecticide susceptible)	Fort Dix, NJ	237	15.3 (11.7, 19.8)	38.6 (28.3, 71.9)	3.2 ± 0.4	7.9 (5)	8.0*	N/A	N/A
Cincinnati (CIN), 2012	Cincinnati, OH	219	18.4 (16.2, 23.5)	51.7 (41.4, 72.5)	2.8 ± 0.3	3.5 (6)	8.2*	1.2	13 (45)
Fuller Mill (FM)^f, 2017	High Point, NC	202	23.2 (13.8, 35.3)	67.5 (42.5, 216.6)	2.8 ± 0.3	12.6 (5)	7.8*	1.5*	5 (40)
Winston Salem (WS), 2008	Winston Salem, NC	226	22.0 (15.3, 30.6)	92.7 (58.4, 230.8)	2.0 ± 0.3	8.0 (6)	7.4*	1.4*	0 (48)
Shanda (SH), 2017	Raleigh, NC	220	21.1 (17.5, 25.4)	65.0 (48.7, 102.0)	2.6 ± 0.3	1.3 (5)	7.7*	1.4*	0 (46)
Poultry House (PH), 2021	Pennsylvania	212	18.0 (15.3, 22.1)	43.6 (34.7, 61.6)	3.3 ± 0.4	4.9 (5)	7.8*	1.2	2 (50)

		Ivermectin^a
Harlan (HA), 1973 (insecticide susceptible)	Fort Dix, NJ	231	61.0 (52.7, 69.9)	114.9 (95.4, 154.7)	4.7 ± 0.7	3.0 (4)	6.4*	N/A	N/A

Ivermectin dose-mortality assays are also shown for the Harlan (HA) population
N/A Not available, RR resistance ration
^aOnly fully fed adult male bed bugs were included in these assays
^bLC₅₀ or LC₉₀ of the bed bugs, estimated from probit analysis for each population. Values are in ng/ml of human blood
^ct-Ratio of the slope. Values > 1.96 denote a significant regression at P < 0.05
^dThe RR was calculated as LC₅₀ of field-collected strain/LC₅₀ of susceptible reference strain (HA). RR values with asterisk (*) were considered to be significant when their 95% CIs did not include 1.0 [31]
^eThe LD₉₉ dose of deltamethrin was estimated for the HA population from log dose–response probit analysis. This dose was used as a diagnostic dose and topically applied to field-collected bed bugs. Deltamethrin was diluted in acetone and 0.5 µl was applied to each insect. Percentage mortality at 2 days post administration and (n) are reported
^fFuller Mill is the same strain referred to as Fuller Miller in González-Morales et al. [41]

ISSN: 1756-3305