Fig. 4

Species-specific human behavior-adjusted biting rates and LLIN-based protection in Kavango East over the course of a night. Insets (pie charts) depict human behavior-adjusted spatial exposure. Both temporal and spatial exposure to different vectors was based on vector behaviors. Though spatial exposure to Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles funestus sensu stricto (s.s.) and other Anopheles was similar, temporal exposure varied by each species. Exposure to Anopheles gambiae s.s. was primarily outdoors. The proportion of bites occurring indoors for an unprotected individual awhile awake, occurring while asleep for an unprotected individual, prevented by using an LLIN, occurring indoors for a protected user of an LLIN, and occurring outdoors for each site are presented in Table 2