Fig. 4

Representative scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cryoSEM renderings of A. pegreffii L3: a Anterior region with prominent spherical oral opening surrounded by the three inconspicuous lips. White arrowhead shows the boring tooth and black arrowhead the cephalic papilla on the ventrolateral lip. Inset: phasmid on the upper body surface. b Mucron on the posterior region, surrounded by wrinkles of L3 cuticle. Note that the mucron has been damaged in the process. c Excretory pore masked by discharge from the excretory gland cell. d Higher magnification of the excretory pore surface showing extracellular vesicles in clusters or individually (white arrow). Scale bars: 10 µm (a, b); 1 µm (c); 100 nm (d)