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Table 7 Samples tested for heartworm per carnivore species and reports in the literature

From: Heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) in carnivores kept in zoos in Texas, USA: risk perception, practices, and antigen detection

Family and species

Common name

Samples

Reports of D. immitisb

Ailuridae

 

2

 

Ailurus fulgens

Red panda

2

[41]

Canidae

 

37

 

Canis latrans

Coyote

1

[5,6,7, 9, 39, 40]

Canis lupus baileyi

Mexican gray wolf

5

[42]a

Canis lupus dingo

Dingo

2

[43]

Canis rufus

Red wolf

3

[39]a

Chrysocyon brachyurus

Maned wolf

7

[44]

Lycaon pictus

African painted dog

10

 

Otocyon megalotis

Bat-eared fox

1

 

Speothos venaticus

Bush dog

3

 

Urocyon cinereoargenteus

Grey fox

1

[45]

Vulpes velox

Swift fox

3

 

Vulpes zerda

Fennec fox

1

[10]

Eupleridae

 

3

 

Cryptoprocta ferox

Fossa

3

 

Felidae

 

113

 

Acinonyx jubatus

Cheetah

53

 

Caracal caracal

Caracal

3

 

Leopardus pardalis

Ocelot

5

[12]

Leptailurus serval

Serval

1

 

Lynx rufus

Bobcat

3

 

Neofelis nebulosa

Clouded leopard

5

[16]

Panthera leo krugeri

African lion

15

[17]a

Panthera onca

Jaguar

10

[46]

Panthera pardus

Leopard

1

[15]

Panthera tigris

White tiger

1

[47]

Panthera tigris jacksoni

Malayan tiger

5

[47, 48]a

Panthera tigris sumatrae

Sumatran tiger

7

[47, 48]a

Prionailurus viverrinus

Fishing cat

1

 

Puma concolor

Cougar

3

[49]

Herpestidae

 

17

 

Helogale parvula

Common dwarf mongoose

1

 

Mungos mungo

Banded mongoose

4

 

Suricata suricatta

Slender-tailed meerkat

12

[50]

Hyaenidae

 

5

 

Crocuta crocuta

Spotted hyena

2

 

Hyaena hyaena

Striped hyena

3

 

Mephitidae

 

2

 

Mephitis mephitis

Striped skunk

2

 

Mustelidae

 

17

 

Aonyx cinereus

Asian small-clawed otter

12

[22]

Lontra canadensis

North American river otter

5

[20]

Procyonidae

 

14

 

Bassariscus astutus

Ringtail

5

 

Nasua narica

White-nosed coati

5

Diagnostic lab records

Potos flavus

Kinkajou

2

 

Procyon lotor

Raccoon

2

[19]

Ursidae

 

6

 

Tremarctos ornatus

Spectacled bear

2

 

Ursus americanus

American black bear

3

[23]

Ursus americanus luteolus

Louisiana black bear

1

[23]a

Viverridae

 

1

 

Arctictis binturong

Binturong

1

 
  1. aRepresents a case of D. immitis in a different or unspecified subspecies
  2. bThis is not an exhaustive list and is likely an underrepresentation as many cases of D. immitis in exotic and wildlife species go undiagnosed or are not reported in the peer-reviewed literature