Fig. 2

Malaria prevalence detected separately by each of the three diagnostic methods A; LM (9.4%), mRDT (18.2%) and qPCR (31.7%). Proportions B of all study participants (N = 170) either negative (68.3%, grey) or as detected by all three methods together (9.4%, dark blue margin), by mRDT and qPCR but not LM (8.8%, medium blue) or qPCR only (13.5%, light blue). Proportions C of all qPCR-positive participants (N = 54) as detected by all three methods together (29.6%, dark blue margin), by mRDT and qPCR but not LM (27.8%, medium blue) or qPCR only (42.6%, light blue). LM light microscopy; mRDT malaria rapid diagnostic test; qPCR quantitative polymerase chain reaction