Fig. 4

Proportion of residents observed engaging in outdoor night-time activities that increase the risk of malaria transmission, disaggregated by age, sex and season, in the IRS Intervention (top) and control (down)  communities. Heat map color intensity corresponds to outdoor activities with increased malaria risk, presented in ranges of 0, 0–25, 25–50, 50–75 and 75–100%. The proportions represent the percentage of the total household residents in each risk stratum on the Y-axis observed to be outdoors during a given hour of the night. Risky activities include sleeping outdoors without a bed net, watching videos, eating outdoors, storytelling and playing oware (a local board game). IRS, Indoor residual spraying