Tick communities of cattle in smallholder rural livestock production systems in sub-Saharan Africa

Heylen, Dieter J. A.; Kumsa, Bersissa; Kimbita, Elikira; Frank, Mwiine Nobert; Muhanguzi, Dennis; Jongejan, Frans; Adehan, Safiou Bienvenu; Toure, Alassane; Aboagye-Antwi, Fred; Ogo, Ndudim Isaac; Juleff, Nick; Fourie, Josephus; Evans, Alec; Byaruhanga, Joseph; Madder, Maxime

doi:10.1186/s13071-023-05801-5

Parasites & Vectors

Table 3 Tick prevalence, infestation loads and species diversity in East African countries

From: Tick communities of cattle in smallholder rural livestock production systems in sub-Saharan Africa

	East	Ethiopia	K	Uganda	K	Tanzania	K
Amblyomma
A. variegatum	50.57 (13.86 ± 28.11)	19.98^a (8.88 ± 26.67^a)	0.29 (13)	91.38^b (27.42 ± 34.42^b)	1.76 (25)	39.81^c (5.15 ± 13.64^a)	0.47 (33)
A. gemma	3.58 (0.56 ± 5.1)	10.61 (1.67 ± 8.76)	0.1 (9)	0.00 (0 ± 0)		0.21 (0.01 ± 0.28)
Hyalomma
H. rufipes	9.89 (1 ± 4.76)	7.49^a (0.73 ± 3.98^a)	0.08 (10)	0.00 (0 ± 0)		22.23^b (2.28 ± 7.05^b)	0.19 (32)
H. truncatum	3.51 (0.37 ± 2.42)	10.09 (1.06 ± 4.05)		0.00 (0 ± 0)		0.52 (0.04 ± 0.75)	0.01 (1)
H. albiparmatum	0.38 (0.02 ± 0.31)	0.00 (0 ± 0)		0.00 (0 ± 0)		1.14 (0.05 ± 0.54)	0.05 (3)
H. impressum	0.00 (0 ± 0)	0.00 (0 ± 0)		0.00 (0 ± 0)		0.00 (0 ± 0)
Rhipicephalus
R. appendiculatus	44.16 (55.81 ± 93.17)	0.00^a (0 ± 0^a)		98.05^b (162.78 ± 92.5^b)	7.1 (25)	33.71^c (3.43 ± 7.42^c)	0.5 (32)
R. evertsi evertsi	32.72 (3.84 ± 9.35)	9.05^a (0.59 ± 2.41^a)	0.08 (13)	69.03^b (9.44 ± 13.79^b)	1.58 (25)	19.65^c (1.42 ± 4.15^c)	0.15 (34)
R. microplus	29.83 (10.12 ± 34.59)	0.00^a (0 ± 0^a)		51.08^b (7.94 ± 18.65^b)	0.46 (25)	38.06^c (22.37 ± 54.66^c)	0.54 (32)
R. decoloratus	13.85 (1.94 ± 9.21)	10.93^a (1.6 ± 10.06^a)	0.17 (12)	0.72^b (0.03 ± 0.33^b)	0.05 (3)	29.99^c (4.21 ± 12.05^c)	0.34 (23)
R. pulchellus	10.02 (3.52 ± 15.96)	30.28^a (10.63 ± 26.35^a)	0.9 (10)	0.00^b (0 ± 0^b)		0.00^c (0 ± 0^c)
R. praetextatus	1.17 (0.12 ± 1.57)	3.54 (0.37 ± 2.72)	0.05 (4)	0.00 (0 ± 0)		0.00 (0 ± 0)
R. lunulatus	0.93 (0.1 ± 1.67)	2.81 (0.31 ± 2.89)	0.11 (5)	0.00 (0 ± 0)		0.00 (0 ± 0)
R (Boophilus) spp.	0.14 (0.01 ± 0.45)	0.00 (0 ± 0)		0.00 (0 ± 0)		0.41 (0.04 ± 0.77)	0.01 (1)
R. pravus	0.03 (0.0 ± 0.05)	0.10 (0 ± 0.08)		0.00 (0 ± 0)		0.00 (0 ± 0)
R. annulatus	0.00 (0 ± 0)	0.00 (0 ± 0)		0.00 (0 ± 0)		0.00 (0 ± 0)
R. geigyi	0.00 (0 ± 0)	0.00 (0 ± 0)		0.00 (0 ± 0)		0.00 (0 ± 0)
R. sanguineus	0.00 (0 ± 0)	0.00 (0 ± 0)		0.00 (0 ± 0)		0.00 (0 ± 0)
No. screened	2903	961		975		967
No. infested (%)	2311 (79.60)	564 (58.68)		961 (98.56)		786 (81.28)
Co-infestation	77.66	54.09		97.7		70.11
Shannon’ index		1.99		1.37		1.82

Note: Prevalence (%) and average tick load (number of ticks/individual ± standard error)
K: Negative binomial shape parameter (the higher, the less skewed)—calculated for farm × time combinations with > 10 animals sampled and a tick prevalence > 5%. For taxa with overall prevalence ≥ 10%: the same letters indicate that the contrast between countries is not statistically different from zero

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ISSN: 1756-3305

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