Table 2 Molecular detection of V/TBPs in hard tick species collected from dogs across central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Study area (districts) | Ixodid tick species | Canine associated vector/tick-borne pathogens | Ticks screened n/t (%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus Ehrlichia | Genus Rickettsia | Genus Theileria | Genus Dirofilaria | Genus Wolbachia | ||||||
E. canis | Ehrlichia sp. | R. massiliae | R. raoultii | Rickettsia sp. | T. annulata | D. immitis | Wolbachia sp. | |||
Charsadda | Rh. sanguineus s.l. |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  −  |  +  |  +  | 20/20 (100%) |
Malakand | Rh. turanicus s.s. |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  +  |  −  |  +  |  +  | 13/20 (65%) |
Mardan | Rh. haemaphysaloides |  +  |  +  |  +  |  −  |  +  |  +  |  −  |  −  | 6/20 (30%) |
Peshawar | Rh. microplus |  −  |  −  |  +  |  −  |  −  |  −  |  −  |  −  | 1/20 (5%) |
Swabi | Hy. dromedarii |  −  |  −  |  +  |  −  |  +  |  +  |  −  |  −  | 8/20 (40%) |
|  | Hy. excavatum |  −  |  −  |  +  |  −  |  −  |  +  |  −  |  −  | 2/20 (10%) |
Total n (%) | V/TBP Sp | 13 (10.8%) | 4 (3.3%) | 23 (19.5%) | 8 (6.7%) | 9 (7.5%) | 7 (5.8%) | 7 (5.8%) | 5 (4.2%) | Â |
V/TBP G | 17 (14.1%) | 40 (33.7%) | 7 (5.8%) | 7 (5.8%) | 5 (4.2%) | 50/120 (41.7%) | ||||