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Table 1 Selected participant characteristics for students with complete data across all questionnaires and included for risk factor analysis, total N = 7030a

From: Epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminths using quantitative PCR and risk factors for hookworm and Necator americanus infection in school children in Dak Lak province, Vietnam

Variable

 

%

n

Demographics

 Age

 

7.9 years

±1.23

 Female

 

51.37

(3611)

 Ethnicity

Kinh

39.70

(2791)

 

Êđê

29.20

(2053)

 

Mnông

5.72

(402)

 

Nùng

5.85

(411)

 

Tày

5.87

(413)

 School grade

Grade 1

26.24

(1845)

 

Grade 2

27.98

(1967)

 

Grade 3

23.41

(1646)

 

Grade 4

22.35

(1571)

Student anthelminthic status, hygiene, and defecation behaviour

 Received anthelminthic in last year

45.61

(3202)

  Always uses household latrineb

 

80.27

(4243)

  Usual place of defecation at home

Toilet/latrine

75.91

(5326)

 

On the ground/bushes outside

21.81

(1530)

Reports ever defecating outside at homec

46.31

(3235)

 Usual place of defecation at school

Toilet/latrine

91.22

(6390)

 

On the ground/bushes outside

5.47

(383)

Reports ever defecating outside at schoolc

14.22

(993)

 Always wears shoes outside

 

72.25

(5071)

 Always wears shoes defecating

 

66.95

(4702)

 Always washes hands after defecating

 

59.72

(4192)

 Always washes hands before eating

 

51.55

(3614)

Household WASH

 Household has an improved water sourced

 

82.33

(5786)

 Household has latrine

 

75.25

(5286)

 Handwashing station at home

 

91.14

(6377)

Household socioeconomic

 Household incomee

Less than 20,000,000 VND

45.01

(3161)

 

VND 20,000,000–50,000,000

26.04

(1829)

 

VND > 50,000,000

7.86

(507)

Main household income earner’s occupation is a farmer

 

91.20

(6407)

 Primary female carer's highest education level completed

Never attended school

8.00

(562)

 

Completed or attended primary school

29.49

(2072)

 

Completed or attended secondary school

49.60

(3484)

 

Completed or attended tertiary education

9.17

(645)

School location and WASHf

 Location

Rural

56.25

(36)

 

Remote

32.81

(21)

 

Very remote

10.94

(7)

 School has an improved water sourced

 

42.19

(27)

 Latrine/toilet available for students to useg

 

96.88

(62)

 School has improved sanitation

 

95.24

(7,351)

 Handwashing station with soap available

 

32.23

(2,410)

 Between 1 and 5 toilets available for students to use

 

62.50

(40)

 Between 1 and 5 toilets available for girls

 

91.94

(57)

 Between 1 and 5 toilets available for boys

 

96.83

(61)

  1. This table reports selected characteristics. The 7030 students were from 6726 unique households, where 6448 students were a single child from their household, 508 students were pairs from their household (254 households), 66 were trios from their household (22 households) and eight were a quartet from their household (two households)
  2. aSee Additional file 1: Table S1 for complete descriptive characteristics for all variables and categories and Additional file 1: Table S2 for all ethnicities
  3. bResponses only recorded for those who responded yes to ‘Household has latrine’, percentage of N = 5286
  4. cRefers to ever reporting defecating outside at home or school, i.e. practises open defecation
  5. dResponse for variables collapsed to align with WHO and United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation definitions. Improved water = piped water, protected well, rainwater or public tap. Unimproved water = unprotected well or surface water. Improved sanitation = flush toilet or pit latrine with a slab. Unimproved sanitation = pit latrine without a slab
  6. e10 million VND = approximately $430 USD as of 25 May 2022
  7. fPercentages reported out of number of schools, N = 64
  8. gNo schools reported having no latrine/toilet
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