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Table 2 Cluster-adjusted prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminth infection by species

From: Epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminths using quantitative PCR and risk factors for hookworm and Necator americanus infection in school children in Dak Lak province, Vietnam

 

Study sample % (n)

  

Hookworm

    

Any STHa

All hookworm

N. americanus

A. ceylanicum

A. duodenale

A. lumbricoides

T. trichiura

S. stercoralis

All evaluated STHb

Prevalence

 Female

51.15 (3.944)

%

12.67

11.87

11.43

0.56

0.10

0.22

0.77

0.51

12.87

  

(95% CI)

(9.41, 15.93)

(8.64, 15.09)

(8.24, 14.61)

(0.31, 0.80)

(0.00, 0.22)

(0.00, 0.45)

(0.32, 1.22)

(0.27, 0.75)

(9.57, 16.18)

 Male

48.85 (3.766)

%

17.34

16.65

16.24

0.80

0.028

0.34

0.75

0.58

17.62

  

(95% CI)

(13.37, 21.31)

(12.65, 20.64)

(12.23, 20.22)

(0.49, 1.10)

(0.00, 0.085)

(0.019, 0.65)

(0.31, 1.20)

(0.32, 0.85)

(13.60, 21.64)

 Total

100 (7.710)

%

14.91

14.15

13.73

0.67

0.066

0.28

0.76

0.55

15.15

  

(95% CI)

(11.39, 18.42)

(10.64, 17.66)

(10.24, 17.22)

(0.47, 0.88)

(0.00, 0.14)

(0.038, 0.52)

(0.35, 1.16)

(0.36, 0.73)

(11.59, 18.71)

  

Rangec

0–57.48

0–56.30

0–56.30

0–4.24

0–1.67

0–2.54

0–7.56

0–3.33

0–57.78

Infection intensity class

 Lightd

 

%

–

–

10.49

–

–

0.28

0.76

–

–

  

(95% CI)

–

–

(7.79, 13.20)

–

–

(0.038, 0.52)

(0.35, 1.16)

–

–

 Moderatee

 

%

–

–

1.69

–

–

–

–

–

–

  

(95% CI)

–

–

(0.88, 2.50)

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Heavyf

 

%

–

–

1.81

–

–

–

–

–

–

  

(95% CI)

–

–

(1.06, 2.56)

–

–

–

–

–

–

Eggs per gram

  

Mean

–

–

1678.79

–

–

334.23

21.72

–

–

  

(95% CI)g

–

–

(1489.1, 1892.7)

–

–

(125.8, 888.1)

(14.3, 32.9)

–

–

  

Range

–

–

0.031–35737.2

–

–

0.37–4357.03

0.031–232.99

–

–

  1. 95% CI 95% confidence interval. Prevalence calculated amongst participants who provided a stool sample at baseline in 2019 that had qPCR performed on that sample
  2. a‘Any STH’ defined as the detection of at least one of the following STH species: the hookworms (N. americanus, A. ceylanicum, A. duodenale), A. lumbricoides or T. trichiura in stool by qPCR. This definition of ‘any STH’ is to align with previously published estimates of STH prevalence that relied only upon microscopic techniques and thus could not effectively evaluate for the presence of S. stercoralis
  3. b‘All evaluated STH’ defined as the detection of at least one of all the evaluated STH species the hookworms (N. americanus, A. ceylanicum, A. duodenale), A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura or S. stercoralis in stool by qPCR
  4. cRange reporting the range of observed prevalence for each STH species across schools. 95% CI was calculated using robust standard errors to account for clustering. Infection intensity classes are according to WHO guidelines for classifying infection intensity based on EPG values
  5. dLight-intensity infection: N. americanus (1–1999 EPG), A. lumbricoides (1–4999 EPG), T. trichiura (1–999 EPG)
  6. emoderate: N. americanus (2000–3999 EPG)
  7. fheavy: N. americanus (≥ 4000 EPG)
  8. gEggs per gram 95% CI reported as negative binomial confidence bounds
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Parasites & Vectors

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