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Table 2 Information on some of the dysregulated pathways and related metabolites

From: Metabolomics analysis of visceral leishmaniasis based on urine of golden hamsters

Infection time

Pathway

Metabolite

Ionic strength changea

Mode

4 WPI

12 WPI

4 WPI

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism

Citrate

2.22 (0.041)

− 0.69 (N)

ESI−

l-Glutamine

2.47 (0.048)

− 0.88 (N)

ESI+ 

d-Glucosamine 6-phosphate

2.03 (0.017)

− 0.89 (N)

ESI+ 

Pentose phosphate pathway

Δ-Gluconic acid δ-lactone

2.5 (0.009)

− 0.69 (N)

ESI−

Gluconic acid

2.02 (0.003)

− 0.79 (N)

ESI−

Tryptophan metabolism

5-Hydroxy-l-tryptophan

− 0.63 (0.008)

1.56 (0.032)

ESI+ 

5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid

− 0.57 (0.050)

1.34 (N)

ESI−

Tyrosine metabolism

2,5-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde

1.94 (0.009)

− 0.5 (N)

ESI−

Noradrenaline

1.67 (0.002)

− 0.85 (N)

ESI+ 

Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism

Citrate

2.22 (0.041)

−0.69 (N)

ESI−

l-Glutamine

2.47 (0.048)

− 0.88 (N)

ESI+ 

12 WPI

Tyrosine metabolism

Dl-Metanephrine

1.35 (N)

− 0.63 (0.030)

ESI+ 

l-Dopa

− 0.97 (N)

1.67 (0.022)

ESI+ 

2,5-Dihydroxybenzoate

− 0.91 (N)

1.63 (0.040)

ESI−

Tryptophan metabolism

5-Hydroxy-l-tryptophan

− 0.63 (0.008)

1.56 (0.032)

ESI+ 

N-Acetylserotonin

− 0.8 (N)

5.48 (0.006)

ESI+ 

Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism

Taurine

1.26 (N)

1.91 (0.036)

ESI+

− 0.92 (N)

2.31 (0.015)

 ESI−

  1. ESI+ and ESI− = positive and negative mode in electrospray ionization
  2. aFold change, the ratio of intensity of Infection to Control; “−” denotes downregulation. Values in parentheses show p-values. Italic “N” means the FC is nonsignificant