Table 3 Relationship between hookworm and schistosomiasis infection with WaSH coverage in Togo in 2021
Characteristic | Characteristic stats | Hookworm | Schistosoma haematobium | Schistosoma mansoni | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Drinking water source in the school | |||||||||||
Has improved drinking water* | N = 7239 n (%) | Disease Total | Positive % (95% CI) | P | Disease Total | Positive % (95% CI) | P | Disease total | Positive % (95% CI) | P | |
3164 (43.7) | 958 | 18.2 (15.8, 20.8) | 0.14 | 3164 | 5.47 (4.71, 6.33) | 0.31 | 958 | 1.36 (0.76, 2.37) | 0.02 | ||
Time < 30 min to water | N = 7239 n (%) | Disease Total | Positive % (95% CI) | P | Disease Total | Positive % (95% CI) | P | Disease total | Positive % (95% CI) | P | |
3645 (50.4) | 1152 | 19.7 (17.4, 22.1) | > 0.50 | 3645 | 4.75 (4.09, 5.5) | 0.12 | 1152 | 4.09 (3.05, 5.44) | < 0.01 | ||
N = 7239 n (%) | Disease Total | Positive % (95% CI) | P | Disease Total | Positive % (95% CI) | P | Disease total | Positive % (95% CI) | P | ||
Basic | 2973 (41.1) | 912 | 18.6 (16.2, 21.4) | 0.06 | 2973 | 5.48 (4.70, 6.34) | 0.67 | 912 | 1.12 (0.6, 2.22) | < 0.01 | |
Limited | 191 (2.64) | 48 | 8.33 (2.70, 20.9) | 191 | 5.23 (2.68, 9.69) | 48 | 4.17 (0.72, 15.4) | ||||
Unimproved | 24 (0.33) | 0 | – | 24 | 4.17 (0.22, 23.1) | 0 | – | ||||
Surface water | 4051 (56.0) | 1464 | 20.6 (18.6, 22.8) | 4049 | 4.87 (4.23, 5.59) | 1464 | 3.35 (2.51, 4.44) | ||||
Sanitation in school | |||||||||||
N = 7239 n (%) | Disease Totals | Positive % (95% CI) | P | Disease Total | Positive % (95% CI) | P | Disease total | Positive % (95% CI) | P | ||
Improved | 3570 (49.3) | 336 | 16.7 (12.9, 21.2) | 0.14 | 816 | 6.25 (4.73, 8.19) | 0.12 | 336 | 5.36 (3.30, 8.49) | < 0.01 | |
Unimproved | 2853 (39.4) | 1224 | 19.1 (17.0, 21.5) | 3569 | 4.65 (3.99, 5.41) | 1224 | 0.25 (0.06, 0.08) | ||||
Open defecation | 864 | 21.5 (18.9, 24.5) | 2852 | 5.4 (4.61, 6.31) | 864 | 4.75 (3.47, 6.44) | |||||
Handwashing facilities at the school | |||||||||||
N = 4410 n (%) | Disease Totals | Positive % (95% CI) | P | Disease Total | Positive % (95% CI) | P | Disease total | Positive % (95% CI) | P | ||
Basic | 167 (3.79) | 48 | 12.5 (5.19, 25.9) | < 0.01 | 167 | 4.19 (1.85, 8.78) | 0.12 | 48 | 0.03 (0, 9.23) | 0.85 | |
Limited | 1103 (25.0) | 144 | 4.86 (2.15, 10.1) | 1103 | 6.17 (4.85, 7.79) | 144 | 0.69 (0.04, 4.39) | ||||
No facility | 3140 (71.2) | 1368 | 20.3 (18.2, 22.5) | 3139 | 4.62 (3.92, 5.43) | 1368 | 1.46 (0.92, 2.29) | ||||