Effects of larval exposure to sublethal doses of ivermectin on adult fitness and susceptibility to ivermectin in Anopheles gambiae s.s.

Table 2 Time taken to oviposition post continued exposure to different concentrations of ivermectin

Ivermectin concentration (ppm)	n^a	Biological rep^b	Mean time to oviposition (95%CI)^c	Coefficient (SE)	95% CI	p-value
L1/L2
0 (Control)	70	2	4.53 (4.08–4.98)	–	–	–
0.00001	78	2	3.78 (3.51–4.06)	− 0.19 (0.07)	− 0.33–− 0.04	0.01
0.0001	86	2	4.34 (4.02–4.65)	− 0.05 (0.07)	− 0.18–0.08	0.48
L3/L4
0 (Control)	62	2	4.47 (4.04–4.90)	–	–	–
0.00001	64	2	4.11 (3.78–4.44)	− 0.07 (0.09)	− 0.25–0.11	0.44
0.0001	72	2	3.86 (3.60–4.12)	− 0.14 (0.05)	− 0.24–− 0.03	0.01

Generalized negative binomial model with log link, dependent variable time (days), independent variable ivermectin concentration and biological replicate, clustered by technical replicate (n = 3)
L1/L2 1st/2nd instar larvae, L3/L4-3rd/4th instar larvae, ppm part per million
^aTotal number of mosquitoes followed up for time to oviposition (days), excluding mosquitoes that did not lay eggs
^bNumber of biological replicates overall per treatment group
^cAdjusted incidence rate ratio and respective 95% confidence intervals

ISSN: 1756-3305