Genomic analyses indicate the North American Ap-ha variant of the tick-vectored bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum was introduced from Europe

Table 2 Average estimates of genetic diversity, and derived alleles at synonymous sites for both the North American (Ap-ha) and European (host-generalist ecotype) genomes

Genetic diversity estimates and derived alleles estimate^a	Vector-upregulated genes (n = 52)		Reservoir-upregulated genes (n = 67)		Core genes (n = 125)		Kruskal–Wallis Rank sum test results (df = 2)
Genetic diversity estimates and derived alleles estimate^a	μ (SD)	Paired t-test results (df = 51)^b	μ (SD)	Paired t-test result (df = 66)^b	μ (SD)	Paired t-test result (df = 124)^b	Kruskal–Wallis Rank sum test results (df = 2)
π_S America	0.00044 (0.00111)	t = − 7.797 P < 0.0001*	0.00022 (0.00077)	t = − 7.994 P < 0.0001*	0.00047 (0.00153)	t = − 17.562 P < 0.0001*	χ² = 3.371 P = 0.1853
π_S Europe	0.01347 (0.01203)	t = − 7.797 P < 0.0001*	0.01463 (0.01494)	t = − 7.994 P < 0.0001*	0.01295 (0.00803)	t = − 17.562 P < 0.0001*	χ² = 0.802 P = 0.6698
θ_W America	0.00070 (0.00169)	t = − 7.811 P < 0.0001*	0.00038 (0.00122)	t = − 8.006 P < 0.0001*	0.00083 (0.00268)	t = − 17.766 P < 0.0001*	χ² = 3.250 P = 0.1969
θ_W Europe	0.02305 (0.02063)	t = − 7.811 P < 0.0001*	0.02543 (0.02592)	t = − 8.006 P < 0.0001*	0.02251 (0.01377)	t = − 17.766 P < 0.0001*	χ² = 1.070 P = 0.5856
Derived Sites America (K_s)	0.03266 (0.03392)	t = 5.204 P < 0.0001*	0.03227 (0.02738)	t = 7.627 P < 0.0001*	0.02855 (0.02144)	t = 9.410 P < 0.0001*	χ² = 0.415 P = 0.8128
Derived Sites Europe (K_s)	0.00791 (0.01895)	t = 5.204 P < 0.0001*	0.00597 (0.01044)	t = 7.627 P < 0.0001*	0.00702 (0.01276)	t = 9.410 P < 0.0001*	χ² = 3.514 P = 0.1725

^aπ_S, Average number of nucleotide differences observed between samples per synonymous site; θ_W, number of segregating sites per locus, corrected for sequence length; K_s number of fixed, derived alleles in each population divided by the total number of potential synonymous sites in that sequence
^bP-values marked with asterisk (*) indicate comparisons that were significantly different between geographic regions at P < 0.05 according to the paired t-test results

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