Fig. 8

Ts-AES-treated BMDMs reduced hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro. Transwell technology was used to co-culture the primary cardiomyocytes with Ts-AES (4 µg/ml)-treated BMDMs, LPS (100 ng/ml) + IFN-γ (10 ng/ml)-treated BMDMs or non-treated BMDMs in a hypoxic environment for 24 h. ELISA was used to measure the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and regulatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) in the culture supernatant (n = 6), and flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes in each culture group (n = 4). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001