Fig. 2

Role of VSPAS7 in Giardia-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine release from mouse PMs. After transfection with the pcDNA3.1-vspas7 vector for 24 h, mouse PMs were stimulated with Giardia trophozoites (MOI = 1:1), and the culture supernatant was collected after 18 h. The secretion levels of IL-6 (a), IL-12 (b) and TNF-α (c) in the supernatant were measured by ELISA. Results are expressed as mean ± SD from three separate experiments. ns, no significant difference, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001