Fig. 1

Nucleotide and amino acid differences in T. solium genomes with respect to the Chinese reference. The thick outer circle depicts the Chinese T. solium reference mitochondrial genome (NCBI Reference Sequence: NC_004022.1), where inner boxes represent the coding sequences (CDS). The color code represents the CDS type: purple for protein-coding genes, green for transfer RNAs (tRNAs), orange for ribosomal RNAs, and gray for non-coding regions (NCR). The inner circles represent the three T. solium mitogenomes assembled in this study (black: Peru–Puno, blue: Peru–Huancayo, and pink: Mexico) and the genome from Zambia. Blue, red, and black bars indicate synonymous, non-synonymous mutations, and mutations in non-coding regions, respectively. Flanking arrows highlight non-synonymous substitutions that were present in all the African-American genomes analyzed. An asterisk above some arrows indicates that the mutation involved a change in the amino acid nature, as revealed by Grantham scores higher than 60. The circular segments shaded in transparent blue and red indicate low and high variability regions, respectively. Darker blue within the blue-shaded circular segment indicates a region fully conserved in the four mitochondrial genomes. Mutations in the low variability region suggest that the region could differentiate Asian isolates from African-American isolates but not between African-American samples