Table 1 Data source of a range of explanatory variables used for the tick distribution modelling plus the reference for the published data source

Bioclimatic variables

(1970–2000)

Isothermality

(BIO3)

[65]

Temperature seasonality

(BIO4)

Maximum temperature of warmest month

(BIO5)

Annual precipitation

(BIO12)

Precipitation of driest quarter

(BIO17)

MODIS satellite *^a

(2000–2020)

Normalized difference Vegetation Index

(MOD13X2 v061)

[57]

Day land surface temperature/emissivity

(MOD11C3 v061)

Night land surface temperature/emissivity

(MOD11C3 v061)

WorldClim *^a

(1970–2020)

Average temperature

(AvgT)

[66]

Precipitation

(Prec)

TerraClimate *^b

(1970–2021)

Maximum temperature

(MaxT)

[67]

Minimum temperature

(MinT)

Water vapour deficit

(WVP)

Soil moisture

(SoilM)