Table 5 Distribution of participants and positive serological results by category, for sociodemographic and knowledge, perceptions, and practices variables

Sex

Male

49.8 (1822/3655)

7.1 (129/1822)

 < 0.001* (χ²  = 17.5, df = 1)

Female

50.2 (1833/3665)

3.9 (72/1833)

Age (years)

18–25

14.4 (513/3567)

3.3 (17/513)

0.127 (χ²  = 7.1, df = 4)

26–35

20.6 (734/3567)

5.6 (41/734)

36–45

30.2 (1077/3567)

5.8 (62/1077)

46–55

24.6 (876/3567)

6.6 (58/876)

56–65

10.3 (367/3567)

6.3 (23/367)

Level of education ^a

1–4

1.9 (68/3565)

10.3 (7/68)

0.258 (FET = 5.3)

5–9

16.8 (598/3565)

5.7 (34/598)

10–12

44.0 (1570/3565)

5.4 (85/1570)

Bachelor's

25.8 (920/3565)

5.9 (54/920)

MSc/PhD

11.5 (409/3565)

3.9 (16/409)

Occupation^b

Student

9.6 (279/2906)

3.2 (9/279)

Retired

1.9 (56/2906)

7.1 (4/56)

Unemployed

3.4 (100/2906)

8.0 (8/100)

0

1.9 (56/2906)

8.9 (5/56)

0.173 (χ²  = 4.4, df = 3)

1–3

39.4 (1144/2906)

5.2 (60/1144)

4–5

25.7 (747/2906)

4.8 (36/747)

6–9

18.0 (524/2906)

7.1 (37/524)

Travel abroad to endemic country ^c (< 2 years previously)

Yes

58.6 (439/749

5.2 (23/439)

0.739 (χ²  = 0.11, df = 1)

No

41.4 (310/749)

5.8 (18/310)

Type of parish of residence

Non-rural

58.3 (2133/3661)

5.5 (118/2133)

0.903 (χ²  = 0.02, df = 1)

Rural

41.7 (1528/3661)

5.4 (83/1528)

Had heard of leishmaniasis

Yes

72.4 (2638/3643)

4.9 (130/2638)

0.037* (χ²  = 4.3, df = 1)

No/DK/CR

27.6 (1005/3643)

6.7 (67/1005)

Animals affected by leishmaniasis nearby

Yes

11.7 (235/2017)

4.7 (11/235)

0.878 (χ²  = 0.02, df = 1)

No/DK/CR

88.3 (1782/2017)

4.9 (87/1782)

Regular contact with domestic animals

Yes

70.5 (2457/3486)

5.2 (127/2457)

0.419 (χ²  = 0.63, df = 1)

No

29.5 (1029/3486)

5.8 (60/1029)

Regular contact with wild animals

Yes

4.2 (139/3301)

2.9 (4/139)

0.180 (χ²  = 1.7, df = 1)

No

95.8 (3162/3301)

5.4 (172/3162)

Practice of outdoor activities during nighttime

Yes

24.1 (801/3321)

5.4 (43/801)

0.921 (χ²  = 0.01, df = 1)

No

75.9 (2520/3321)

5.4 (137/2520)

Use of nets in windows/doors

Yes (all/some)

23.8 (830/3481)

4.3 (36/830)

0.138 (χ²  = 2.2, df = 1)

None

76.2 (2651/3481)

5.7 (150/2651)

Ownership of dog(s)

Yes

48.1 (1727/3590)

5.5 (95/1727)

0.937 (χ²  = 0.01, df = 1)

No

51.9 (1863/3590)

5.4 (101/1863)

K score

 ≤ 7

50.7 (1858/3664)

6.4 (118/1858)

0.012* (χ²  = 6.2, df = 1)

 > 7

49.3 (1806/3664)

4.5 (81/1806)

Per score

 < 1

59.7 (2186/3664)

6.3 (137/2186)

0.006* (χ²  = 7.4, df = 1)

 ≥ 1

40.3 (1478/3664)

4.2 (62/1478)

Pra score

 ≤ 3,5

52.0 (1901/3664)

5.5 (104/1901)

0.937 (χ²  = 0.01, df = 1)

 > 3,5

48.0 (1763/3664)

5.4 (95/1763)