Fig. 4
Effect of YicV/DeziV/DaesV infection status on Usutu arbovirus infections in CT (Culex tarsalis)-derived cells. CT cells singly infected with Usutu virus (USUV, MOI 10) were compared to cells either acutely co-infected with YicV/DeziV/DaesV and USUV (YicV/DeziV/DaesV + USUV; MOI 10) or to USUV infection in cells persistently infected with YicV/DeziV/DaesV (pYicV/DeziV/DaesV + USUV; MOI 10). Supernatants were collected for USUV titration via TCID50 at 0, 6, 10, 24, 48 and 72 hpi for 3 independent experiments in technical triplicates. Mean values with standard error of the mean are shown. Significance was tested via the unpaired t-test. Acute infection (48 hpi: t = 4.507, ***p = 0.0004; 72 hpi: t = 4.706, ***p = 0.0002); persistent infection (24 hpi = t = 9.487, ****p < 0.0001; 48 hpi: t = 8.959, ****p < 0.0001). DaesV, Daeseongdong virus; DeziV, Dezidougou virus; MOI, multiplicity of infection; TCID50, median tissue culture infectious dose assay; USUV Usutu virus; YicV, Yichang virus