Table 4 Reports of vector competence or molecular detection of infectious pathogens in Culex modestus

Virus

Flaviviridae

West Nile virus

RNA detection

Field

Czech Republic

[9, 15, 16, 102]

RNA detection

Field

Italy

[103]

RNA detection

Field

Kazakhstan

[104]

RNA detection

Field

Romania

[72]

RNA detection

Field

Russia

[48, 87]

Vector competence

Lab

China

[44]

Vector competence

Lab

France

[42, 43]

Usutu virus

RNA detection

Field

Czech Republic

[16, 89]

Vector competence

Field

Belgium

[59]

Japanese encephalitis virus

RNA detection

Field

China

[33]

Alphaviridae

Sindbis virus

RNA detection

Field

Romania

[72]

Kyzylagach virus

RNA detection

Field

Czech Republic

[73]

Peribunyaviridae

Tahyna virus

Immunological detection

Field

France

[39]

Immunological & RNA detection

Field

China

[74]

Immunological detection

Field

Czech Republic

[17, 75]

Batai virus

RNA detection

Field

Germany

[76]

Lednice virus

RNA detection

Field

Czech Republic

[77]

Ebinur Lake virus (Abbey Lake virus)

RNA detection

Field

China

[78, 79]

Phenuiviridae

Zaliv Terpeniya virus

RNA detection

Field

Azerbaijan

[80]

Reoviridae

Banna virus

RNA detection

Field

China

[74, 81]

Eukaryota

Onchocercidae

Dirofilaria immitis

Vector competence

Field

Italy

[90]

Plasmodiidae

Plasmodium relictum

Vector competence

Lab

Bulgaria

[14]

Plasmodium sp.

DNA detection

Field

Romania

[92]

DNA detection

Field

Spain

[34]

Haemoproteidae

Haemoproteus sp.

DNA detection

Field

Spain

[34]

Trypanosomatidae

Trypanosoma corvi/culicavium

Microscopic examination

Field

Czech Republic

[63]