Fig. 11

Phylogenetic tree based on concatenated sequences of the cox1 and 16S rRNA genes, focusing on Old World Ixodes species. In each row of individual sequences, the country of origin and the GenBank accession number are shown after the species name. Sequences from this study are indicated with red fonts and bold, maroon accession numbers. Ixodes pilosus group sp. I. and I. cf. rubicundus are represented by multiple sequences (Table 1), and their branches are shown collapsed. The evolutionary history was inferred by using the maximum likelihood method based on the general time-reversible model. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. The analysis involved 74 nucleotide sequences. All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated. There were a total of 892 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA7