Table 3 Univariate and logistic multivariate regression association between characteristics of quilombola communities (N = 208) and presence of anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies IgG, in communities of Paraná State, southern Brazil
From: One health approach to toxocariasis in quilombola communities of southern Brazil
Characteristics | Seropositive (%) | Seronegative (%) | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
172 (82.7) | 36 (17.3) | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Gender | 0.029* | |||||
Female | 98 (56.5) | 28 (77.8) | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] | ||
Male | 74 (43.5) | 8 (22.2) | 2.7 (1.2–6.5) | 2.7 (0.9–9.7) | 0.099 | |
Age (years old) | 0.001* | |||||
< 10 | 13 (7.6) | 9 (25.0) | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] | ||
10 to 17 | 16 (9.4) | 8 (22.2) | 1.4 (0.4–4.8) | 1.1 (0.2–6.5) | 0.944 | |
18 to 49 | 80 (46.7) | 14 (38.9) | 3.9 (1.4–11.0) | 3.5 (0.7–17.8) | 0.137 | |
≥ 50 | 62 (36.3) | 5 (13.9) | 8.2 (2.4–31.5) | 7.6 (1.5–42.7) | 0.017* | |
Educational level | 0.026* | |||||
High school | 31 (18.3) | 12 (34.3) | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] | ||
Elementary | 113 (66.9) | 15 (42.9) | 2.9 (1.2–6.9) | 2.7 (0.8–9.0) | 0.111 | |
Illiterate | 25 (14.8) | 8 (22.9) | 1.2 (0.4–3.6) | 0.11 (0.1–3.5) | 0.576 | |
Contact with soil | 0.003* | |||||
No | 7 (4.17) | 7 (20.6) | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] | ||
Yes | 161 (95.8) | 27 (79.4) | 5.9 (1.8–18.9) | 4.4 (1.1–18.8) | 0.038* | |
Drinking water source | 0.043* | |||||
River | 22 (14.4) | 1 (3.2) | 1.0 [Reference] | 1.0 [Reference] | ||
Artesian well | 42 (27.5) | 15 (48.4) | 0.2 (0.01–0.8) | 0.2 (0.01–1.0) | 0.104 | |
Springer water | 89 (58.2) | 15 (48.4) | 0.3 (0.01–1.7) | 0.4 (0.02–2.7) | 0.455 | |
Onicophagy | 0.912 | |||||
No | 121 (73.8) | 26 (76.5) | 1.0 [Reference] | |||
Yes | 43 (26.2) | 8 (23.5) | 1.1 (0.5–2.9) | |||
Ingestion of raw meat | 0.743 | |||||
No | 154 (91.7) | 34 (94.4) | 1.0 [Reference] | |||
Yes | 14 (8.33) | 2 (5.56) | 1.5 (0.4–10.4) | |||
Game meat consumption | 0.581 | |||||
No | 145 (85.8) | 31 (91.2) | 1.0 [Reference] | |||
Yes | 24 (14.2) | 3 (8.8) | 1.6 (0.5–7.5) | |||
Owning a dog | 0.472 | |||||
No | 13 (7.8) | 1 (2.9) | 1.0 [Reference] | |||
Yes | 153 (92.2) | 33 (97.1) | 0.4 (0.02–2.2) | |||
Owning a cat | 1.0 | |||||
No | 79 (47.6) | 16 (47.1) | 1.0 [Reference] | |||
Yes | 87 (52.4) | 18 (52.9) | 1.0 (0.5–2.1) | |||
Owning a dog and a cat | 1.0 | |||||
No | 81 (48.8) | 16 (47.1) | 1.0 [Reference] | |||
Yes | 85 (51.2) | 18 (52.9) | 0.9 (0.4–2.00) | |||